BMgU dy pMQ pRkfsL dI isrjxf ikvyN hoeI?
- ipafrf isMG Bogl
 

(ipafrf isMG Bogl pMjfbI dy bhu-ivDfeI lyKk hn. AuhnF ny ijwQy ‘sLyr dI svfrI’, ‘sLihr’ aqy ‘sMsfr’ ijhy asloN invykly aqy ijLkrXog nfvl ilKy EQy AuhnF dIaF khfxIaF vI nvIN pMjfbI khfxI dI muwlvfn pRfpqI hn. AuhnF ny lMmf smF pwqrkfrI dy Kyqr ivc vI aimwt-pYVF CwzIaF hn.sfihq aqy ieiqhfs dI AuhnF nUM bhuq zUMGI smJ hY. Auh pMjfbI jIvn dy lukvyN psfrF nUM vyKx smJx vflI bOiDk-ilsLk dy mflk hn.pMjfbI aflocnf dy Kyqr ivc vI AuhnF dIaF XfdgfrI ilKqF ny hjLfrF sfihq-pRymIaF nUM sfihq smJx dI jfc dwsI.
ipafrf isMG Bogl sfihb ‘sIrq’ dy muwK sihXogIaF ivcoN hn. AuhnF ny ‘sIrq’ leI lgfqfr ilKx df Brosf idwqf hY. ies vfr pMjfb dy ieiqhfs bfry rqn isMG BMgU dI dyx ibafn krdf AuhnF df lyK hfjLr hY.) sMpfdk.

AuNj qF pMjfb df ieiqhfs keI sfl purfxf hY, pr ies ieiqhfs df ipCly pMj sO sfl df tukVf sfnUM sfiraF nUM vDyry tuMbdf hY. kfrn ieh hY ik ies ieiqhfs ny sfzI mfniskqf aqy sfzIaF kdrF kImqF nUM bhuq ijLafdf pRBfivq kIqf hY. iesy krky ipCly cflI ku sfl dy smyN ivwc mnfeIaF geIaF sLqfbdIaF ivwc iehnF pMj sO sflF dy ieiqhfs nfl juVIaF GtnfvF hI vfr-vfr Xfd kIqIaF geIaF hn.
musLkl ieh hY ik iehnF pMj sO sflF dy ieiqhfs dy bhuqy vyrvy pRfpq hI nhIN. gurU nfnk dyv ies smyN dy sB qoN vwzy mhFpurK hoey. pr AuhnF df mukMml jIvn ibrqFq iksy pusqk ivwc pRfpq nhIN. jnm sfKIaF gurU jI bfry bhuq Gwt sUcnf idMdIaF hn.
qF vI, awj df Xuwg Koj aqy punr-pVqfl df Xug hY. hr cyqMn mnuwK aqIq dIaF GtnfvF Kojxf cfhuMdf hY. AuhI pusqkF pVHnIaF cfhuMdf hY, jo mUl qy inktvrqI sUcnf dyx.
ieho ijhI iewk pusqk rqn isMG BMgU df ricaf hoieaf “sLRI gurU pMQ pRkfsL” hY, jo 1841 ivwc iqafr hoieaf. rqn isMG BMgU nF pysLfvr ieiqhfskfr sI, nf bfkfiedf kvI sI. Aus ny kivqf ivwc aijhI pusqk ilKI, jo nf kyvl AuWc pwDr df ieiqhfs mMnI geI, sgoN agly ieiqhfs KojIaF leI sRoq-pusqk bx geI.
krm isMG ihstorIan, jo vIhvIN sdI dy afrMBk sflF ivwc KLflsf kflj aMimRqsr ivwc ivwidaf pRfpq krdy krdy alop ho rhI ieiqhfsk sfmwgrI nUM sMBflx dI icMqf nfl pVHfeI aDUrI Cwz gey, qy Aumr dy bfkI sfry sfl nMgy-DV Koj dy kfrj ivwc lwgy rhy; rqn isMG BMgU dI “pMQ pRkfsL” pVH ky asL asL kr AuWTy. krm isMG ny iliKaf-
“ mYN hwQ cuMm lvF Aus srfdr df, ijs ny pMQ pRkfsL iliKaf. mYN swc kihMdf hF ik jy ieh pMQ pRkfsL nf huMdf, qF awj sfzf ieiqhfs hI nf huMdf. koeI iswK, jo iswK aKvfAux df hwkdfr hY, ies pMQ pRkfsL qoN ivrvf nhIN rihxf cfhIdf.”
BfeI vIr isMG ny iliKaf-
“ ijqny pMQ pRkfsL , ieiqhfs, qvfrIKF sLhId gMj, sLhIdI-pRsMg qy iswKF dy hflfq nvyN nvyN rUpF ivwc Cpy, sfry Xf bhuqy iesy luky KLjLfny qoN afpxf BMzfr Br ky pRgt huMdy jfpdy hn.”
ieh luikaf KLjLfnf iqafr krn vflf rqn isMG BMgU mqfb isMG mIrF kotIey df poqf sI. mqfb isMG qy suwKf isMG ny mwsy rMGV df isr vwiZaf sI. ipwCoN ieh dovyN sUrmy sLhId hoey. mqfb isMG df puwqr rfey isMG sI. rfey isMG vI aTfrvIN sdI dy GwlUGfiraF ivwc ihwsf lYNdf irhf. rfey isMG dI sLfdI kroV isMGIaf imsl dy afgU sLfm isMG dI DI nfl hoeI. rfey isMG dy cfr puwqr sn. qIjf puwqr rqn isMG sI.
jdoN rxjIq isMG rfjf bixaf, qy imslF dIaF irafsqF KLqm krky vwzf pMjfbI-rfj sQfipq krn lwg ipaf, qF bhuqy imsldfr srdfr ies gwloN KLusL nhIN sn. kuJ srdfr sqluj qoN pUrb vwl cly gey. pRqIq huMdf hY, rfey isMG vI afpxf mfJy vflf ipMz Cwz ky srhMd dy nyVy bVI ipMz ivwc jf vwisaf. rqn isMG BMgU bVI ipMz ivwc hI irhf.
1808-09 eI: ivwc aMgryjLF ny rxjIq isMG nUM mjbUr kr ky ‘aMimRqsr-sMDI’ kIqI, ijs muqfbk rxjIq isMG nUM ieh iekrfr krnf ipaf ik mYN pUrb vwl sqluj qoN pfr afpxf rfj nhIN vDfvFgf.AudoN ku hI Bfrq dI aMgryjL srkfr ny luiDafxy ivwc afpxI eyjMsI kfiem kIqI, iesdf ieMcfrj krnl zyivz aKLqr lonI ( David Octor loney) (1758-1825) sI. eysy eyjMsI ivwc kpqfn mry (Murrey) mulfjLm sI. aMgryjL BfvyN Bfrq nUM gLulfm bxf rhy sn, pr iPLr vI AuhnF ivwc iewk gux sI. Auh pVHy ilKy sn. jdoN ik pMjfb df rfjf rxjIq isMG korf anpVH sI, AuhnF idnF ivwc hI PrFs ivwc AuWBiraf Xurp df mhfn jrnYl aqy hfkm nYpolIan bhuq piVHaf iliKaf ivakqI sI. ruJyivaF BrI ijLMdgI ivwc vI pusqkF pVHdf sI. pVHIaF hoeIaF pusqkF pYirs ivwcoN bwGI dy ivwc lMGidaF, sVk AuWqy iewDr EDr suwt jFdf sI, qF ik hor lok vI ieh ikqfbF pVH skx. kpqfn mry ny luiDafxy ivwc bYiTaF iswK ieiqhfs lwiBaf. koeI pusqk nf imlI. mOlvI bUty sLfh nUM ikhf, “qUM PLfrsI BfsLf ivwc iswK ieiqhfs ilK ky dyh.” afpxy ipMz bVI qoN iksy kMm mry dI kcihrI ivwc rqn isMG BMgU vI afieaf. jdoN Aus nUM pqf lwgf ik bUty sLfh sfzf ieiqhfs ilK irhf hY, Aus nUM bVI icMqf hoeI. ieh afdmI sfzf ieiqhfs ikvyN ilK skdf hY? Auh mry nUM imilaf. AusnUM ikhf, “iswK ieiqhfs mYQoN puwC.ieh ieiqhfs sfzy hwzIN bIiqaf hY.” kpqfn mry dy svflF aqy BMgU dy AuWqrF dI sLkl ivwc “pMQ pRkfsL” dI sfmwgrI pYdf hoeI. pusqk df pihlf ihwsf swcmuwc svfl jvfb dI sLkl ivwc hY. pRqIq huMdf hY, mry dy svflF df jvfb idMidaF BMgU nUM suwiJaf mYN Gr bYT ky sfrf ieiqhfs ilKF. Aus ny BfeI suwKf isMG dy “gur-iblfs” df hvflf vI idwqf hY.kuJ hor ilKqF dy hvfly vI idwqy hn. pr Aus df vwzf sroq AusdI afpxI XfdfsLq sI. Auh nfnky aqy dfdky bjLurgF qoN ieiqhfs suxdf irhf sI. ies krky pusqk ivwc vfr-vfr kihMdf hY ik vwizaF ny ieh gwl mYnUM ieAuN dwsI hY:-
awb mYN khoN, isMGn kI sfKI.
ijh ibwD bwzn asfzn afKI.
aOr purfqn qy BI sunI,
hoqy ju iswK ibrD iswK bhugunI.
aMgryjL lok ies gwloN bhuq hYrfn sn ik iswK pMjfb dy rfjy ikvyN bx gey? ieh qF afm ikrqI aqy ikrsfx lok sn. iehnF dy vwz vzyiraF ny kdy rfj kr ky nhIN dyiKaf sI. iehnF ivwc hkUmq krn dI Bfvnf, jfc aqy sLkqI ikvyN af geI? purfqn jLmfny ivwc jdoN koeI afm ivakqI rfjf bxdf sI qF AusnUM pfqsLfhI krn df aiDkfr koeI hor “vwzf pfqsLfh” “bKisLsL” dy qOr qy idMdf. pitafly dy rfjy aflf isMG nUM aihmd sLfh abdflI rfj-gwdI df ptf ilK ky dy igaf sI.mry vfr-vfr puwCdf hY, iswKF nUM hkUmq krn df hwk iks ny idwqf hY? iewQy iewk gwl Xfd rwKx Xog hY hY. kpqfn mry df nfm rqn isMG BMgU bhuqIaF QfvF AuWqy “mrI” ilKdf hY.ikqy ikqy mflI vI ilKdf hY.
qy mflI ny hm khXo, ieqnI bfq bqfhu.
isMGn pfXo rfj ikm, aO dIno ikn pfqsfh?
rqn isMG BMgU df jvfb bhuq isafxp-BrpUr aqy bhuq zUMGf hY. Auh kihMdf hY, isMGF nUM rfj- Bfg iksy duinafvI bfdsLfh ny hI bKLisLaf. ieh rfj–Bfg “pfiqsLfhF dy pfqsLfh nfnk” df bKLisLaf hoieaf hY. jo nfnk df Bgq hY, Aus ivwc hkUmq krn dI sLkqI afAuNdI hY.
mrI khXo, BXo nfnk PLkIr
Aun sLfhI kI ikaf qdbIr?
hmy khXo vih sLihn ky sLfh.
dIn dunI swco pfqsLfh.
ijn sLfh-nfnk crn pRsfey
iqn mYN sLkiq ieqI BeI afie.
afm qOr ‘qy ieiqhfs dIaF pusqkF bfry iewk ieqrfjL kIqf jFdf hY. ieiqhfs rfijaF dIaF lVfeIaF aqy ijwqF-hfrF df vyrvf hI idMdy hn. afm lokF dI gwl nhIN krdy. pr BMgU dI pusqk ies iksm dI nhIN hY. Coty-Coty pfqrF aqy inwkIaF inwkIaF GtnfvF df vyrvf idMdI hY.
kuwl 183 sfKIaF ivwcoN pihlIaF 30 sfKIaF ds gurU sfihbfn df jIvn ibrqFq pysL krdIaF hn. 45 sfKIaF bMdf isMG bfry hn. pusqk df vwzf ihwsf bMdf isMG dI sLhIdI (1716 eI) qoN bfad dIaF GtnfvF df hY. afKrI Gtnf 1783 eI: dI bGyl isMG vwloN idwlI sLihr dI ijwq hY.
rqn isMG BMgU lgBg cflI sfl ieh ikqfb ilKdf irhf. sLfied Aus ny iewk qoN vwD hwQ ilKqF iqafr kIqIaF hox. Auh afp ilKdf hY ik mYN 1841 ivwc aMimRqsr ivwc bYT ky do “pMQ pRkfsL” soDy. ieh dovyN pMQ pRkfsL iesdI afpxI rcnf dy hI do rUp ho skdy hn.
bdiksmqI ieh hY ik BMgU dI afpxI hwQ ilKq koeI nhIN imlI. ipwCoN hoeIaF nklF imlIaF. ieh nklF vI sMBflIaF nhIN geIaF.
pihlI vfr 1914 ivwc BfeI vIr isMG ny ieh Cpvfieaf. AuhnF ny iliKaf ik ijhVI hwQ-ilKq sfnUM pRfpq hoeI, Auh kfhlI nfl ilKI geI qy keI QF ‘qy sLuwD nhIN sI. asIN ikqfb soD ky CfpI hY. asl gwl ieh hY ik BfeI vIr isMG ny BMgU dIaF pMgqIaF bdl idwqIaF aqy keI pMgqIaF Cwz idwqIaF. sB qoN vwzf gunfh ieh kIqf ik ijs hwQ ilKq qoN Cfpf iqafr kIqf, Auh sMBflI nhIN. ipwCoN pUrf sO sfl ieho ‘soDI pusqk’ muV muV CpdI rhI.
loV ieh sI ik mUl hwQ-ilKq CfpI jFdI. BMgU dy KLfndfn ivwcoN hI igafn isMG rfVyvflf aqy bIbI inrlyp kOr hoey. iehnF pfs vI BMgU dIaF hwQ ilKqF sn. pr AuhnF ny vI sMBflIaF nhIN.gurU nfnk dyv XUnIvristI aMimRqs aqy pMjfb XUnIvristI cMzIgVH dIaF lfiebRyrIaF ivwc iewk iewk hwQ ilKq KrVf ipaf hY. pr ieh KrVy vI aDUry hn. iehnF dI vrqoN krky zf: blvMq isMG iZwloN ny 2004 eI: ivwc “sRI gur pMQ pRkfsL” pusqk CpvfeI hY. ieh BfeI vIr isMG vfly pMQ pRkfsL nfloN vDyry BrosyXog hY.