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aMgryËI BfÈf df pRiswD nfvlkfr
Qfms hfrzI mUl rUp ivwc kvI sI. Ausdf jnm AuWnIvIN sdI ivwc hoieaf. Aumr
dy pihly lwgpwg vIh sfl kivqf rcdf irhf. pr sfry XUrp ivwc kivqf dy
mukfbly ivwc nfvl hrmn ipafrf ho igaf sI. PrFs, jrmnI qy rUs ivwc nfvlkfr
aijhy nfvl rc rhy sn jo afpxy afpxy dyÈ qoN ibnF dUjIaF XUrpIn BfÈfvF aqy
aMgryËI BfÈf ivwc anuvfd ho rhy sn, DVfDV ivk
rhy sn. iekwly rUs ivwc AuWnIvIN sdI ivwc puÈikn, qurgnyv, gogol,
dfsqovskI aqy tflstfie dy nfvl ilKy gey aqy bhuq pVHy gey. PrFs dy do vwzy
nfvlkfr bflËfk aqy Plfbyar AuWnIvIN sdI ivwc hI hoey. nfvl dy nfl nfl
afDunik khfxI vI AuWnIvIN sdI ivwc hI pRPuwlq hoeI. sMsfr dy do sB qoN
vwzy khfxIkfr mupFsF aqy cYÉv iesy sdI ivwc khfxIaF rcdy rhy. rUsI lyKk
gogol, ijsny nftk, nfvl aqy khfxIaF ilKIaF, dI ilKI hoeI khfxI ‘Evrkot’
bfry ivdvfnF ny ikhf ik XQfrQvfdI khfxI “Evrkot” dI jyb ivwcoN inklI hY.
Xurp ivwc nfvlF dy nfl nfl khfxIaF Cfpx vfly mfsk-pwqrF dI eynI mMg sI ik
keI lyKk pRkfÈkF aqy mfsk-pwqrF dy sMpfdkF pfsoN afpxI ilKI jf rhI rcnf dy
pYsy pyÈgI lY lYNdy sn. bfad ivwc ilKq mukMml kr ky idMdy sn. PrFs df iewk
nfvlkfr do pRkfÈkF pfsoN iewko smyN pyÈgI rfieltI PVH lYNdf. iewk nUM dyx
vflf nfvl dupihr qwk ilKdf, qy dUjy nUM dyx vflf nfvl Èfm qwk ilKdf.
mfsk-pwqr khfxIaF dy nfl-nfl nfvl vI ikÈqF ivwc Cfpdy sn. rUsI khfxIkfr
cYÉv (1860-1904 eI) piVHaf qF zfktrI sI, pr zfktr bxn dI QF glpkfr bx
igaf. pYsy vwloN sdf QuiVaf rihMdf. Auh vI pricaF dy sMpfdkF pfsoN ilKI
jfx vflI khfxI dy pYsy pyÈgI PVH lYNdf. ieAuN Auh inwkIaF vwzIaF khfxIaF
vwzI igxqI ivwc ilKdf irhf.
suBfvk hI AuWnIvIN sdI ivwc kivqf dI bykdrI ho geI. pfTk nfvl qy khfxI vwl
AuWlr gey. Qfms hfrzI (1840 – 1928 eI: ) ny nfvl ilKx pVHn df irvfj dyK ky
lwgpwg 1825 qoN 1900 eI: qwk kivqf Cwz ky nvfl ilKy. Ausdf sB qoN pRiswD
nfvl ‘tYWs’ pMjfbI ivwc keI vfr anuvfd ho ky Cipaf hY. hfrzI PrFs dy
XQfrQvfdI nfvlkfrF qy khfxIkfrF qoN pRBfivq sI. Aus qoN pihlF aMgryËI BfÈf
dy do pRiswD nfvlkfr cfrls izknË aqy Qykry Èihr dy lokF, Éfs qOr’ qy grIb
lokF df jIvn vrnx krdy rhy. hfrzI dy nfvl ÈihrI lokF dy jIvn df vrxn nhIN
krdy, ipMzF dy sfDfrn lokF df jIvn vrxn krdy hn. tYWs iewk suMdr muitafr
hY, pr Gr dy hflfq eyny Érfb ny ik AusnUM Gr Cwz ky dUr durfzy dy ipMzF
ivwc rih ky gAUaF dIaF DfrF cox df kMm krnf pYNdf hY. Ausdf pRym iewk hfxI
nOjvfn nfl pY jFdf hY, pr iewk sPr ivwc iewk amIr iËMmIdfr df ivgiVaf
puwqr AusnUM Gyr lYNdf hY, qy AusdI mjbUrI df Pfiedf AuTf ky AusdI pwq
luwt lYNdf hY. afpxy pRymI nfl ivafh krfky ieh BolI BflI kuVI ivafh vflI
rfq nUM pRymI nUM afpxy nfl ho cuwkI vfrdfq df swc dws idMdI hY. pRymI
AusdI apivwqrqf qoN nfrfË ho ky dOV jFdf hY. lYitn amrIkf dy iewk dyÈ ivwc
smF guËfrdf hY. pr ipwCy CwzI hoeI BolI pRyimkf nUM Buwl nhIN skdf. vfps
afAuNdf hY, pr ijLMmIdfr df ivgiVaf hoieaf puwqr tYWs df ipwCf nhIN Cwzdf.
qMg pY ky tYWs Ausdf kql kr idMdI hY. pRymI vfps af ky tYWs dI bFh PVdf
hY, pr ies vyly qwk bhuq dyr ho cuwkI hY. kql dy doÈ ivwc tYWs igRPqfr ho
jfdI hY, qy AusnUM PFsI dI sËf idwqI jFdI hY. ivdvfnF ny ikhf sI ik
aMgryËI BfÈf dy kvI ivlIam vrzËvrQ (1770 – 1850 eI: ) ny afpxI kivqf ivwc
‘mfnvqf’ dy ijs ‘KfmoÈ Audfs sMgIq’ dI pyÈkfrI kIqI sI, Ausy iensfn dy
duwKF dIaF khfxIaF hfrzI ny afpxy nfvlF ivwc pyÈ kIqIaF. ajIb gwl ieh sI
ik lwgpwg pwcI sfl nfvl ilK ky hfrzI Aumr dy afKrI 25 sfl Pyr kivqf vwl
muV afieaf. afKrI sflF ivwc nfvl Cwz ky kivqf rcdf irhf.
kivqf qy nfvl ivckfr ieh kÈmkÈ ikAuN pYdf hoeI? iesdf muwK kfrn sMsfr vwl
mnuwK df bdldf vqIrf sI. ivigafn df Xuwg ÈurU hox qoN pihlF qwk sMsfr aqy
pRikrqI mnuwK leI rhws rhy. bRihmMz df rhws mnuwK ivwc zUMGy rhwsvfdI
mnoBfv jgfAuNdf sI. mnuwK buwDImfn huMdf hoieaf, ivÈv dy rhws AuWqy bilhfr
jFdf sI. AusnUM dunIaF “Byq BrI KUbsUrq rcnf” jfpdI sI. Auh Byq BrI
KUbsUrq rcnf dy rcnhfr dI klpnf krdf sI. iesy mnuwK ny rwb dI isrjxf kIqI
hY. pihlF Coty Coty dyvqy isrjy, iPr vwzf rwb. muwZly mnuwK nUM ndIaF,
phfV, pMCI qy ibRC, hvf, pfxI qy sUrj swBy hI ivsmfd ivwc lY afAuNdy sn.
Auh iehnF kudrqI cIËF AuWqy moihq ho ky iehnF dI mihmf ivwc gIq rcdf sI.
‘irgvyd’ asl ivwc ieMdr (bfrÈ df dyvqf) aqy agnI dI mihmf ivwc ilKy hoey
gIqF df sMgRih hY.
Byq-Bry kudrqI KËfinaF BrpUr, suMdr bRihmMz nUM dyK ky mnuwK dy mn ivwc
pYdf huMdf ivsmfd (sense of wonder) kivqf df somf bxdf hY.
pr jdoN ivigafn dIaF kfZF qy lwBqF ny Byq KoliHaf ik sUrj dyvqf nhIN, awg
df golf hY. cMd mfmf nhIN, TMZI ho cuwkI DrqI hY, sMsfr iksy rwb ny nhIN
isrijaf, mfdy qoN pYdf hoeI imwtI vrgI cIË hY, qF mnuwK df ivsmfd jy kfPUr
nhIN ho igaf qF Gt igaf. ieAuN kivqf rcx leI joÈ mwTf ho igaf. rhws dI QF
XQfrQ pyÈ krn leI sfihq dy sMsfr ivwc rfj-plty ho gey. kivqf dy tfkry ivwc
vfrqk ny isr cuwikaf. kivqf suMdr-CbIlI sI. vfrqk sfd-murfdI sI. pr
ikAuNik, PYktrI ivwc kMm krdy mjdUr vFg vfrqk ny sMsfr df Bfr afpxy moiZaF
AuWqy cuwk ilaf, ies krky kivqf vrgy rs qy alMkfrmeI iÈMgfr qoN rihq huMdI
hoeI vI, vfrqk pihlF XUrp, ieMglYNz aqy amrIkf ivwc qy iPr pMjfb smyq Bfrq
ivwc CflF mfr ky awgy vDI. vfrqk dI mdd krn leI ivigafn ny CfpyKfny dI kfZ
kwZI. CfpyKfny ny aKbfr aqy ikqfbF CfpIaF. pwqrF ivwc aqy ikqfbF ivwc
kivqf vI CpI, pr vfrqk bhuq CpI. vfrqk ivwc sMsfr df XQfrQ pyÈ krn leI,
inbMD, nfvl, khfxI, sPrnfmf, jIvnI, svYjIvnI, ryKf-icwqr afid nvyN rUpfkfr
pYdf ho gey. amrIkn ivdvfn kihMdy hn ik afDuink khfxI pwqrkfrI dI kuwKoN
pYdf hoeI. swcI gwl ieh hY ik ivigafn dIaF kfZF aqy lwBqF ny mnuwK nUM
rhws BrpUr sMsfr bfry eynf igafn idwqf ik Aus aMdr hËfrF sflF qoN ‘aigafq’
nUM jfnx dI dwbI peI BuwK jfg peI. kivqf qF aigafq nUM aigafq kih ky Auhdy
gux gfeI jFdI sI. gurU nfnk sfhb ny iliKaf sI, ‘iQwq vfr nf jogI jfxY,
ruiq mfh nf koeI, jf krqf isrTI kAu sfjY afpy jfxY soeI.’ pr vfrqk Byq
KolHx lwg peI. iesy krky ‘inbMD’ ny bhuq qrwkI kIqI. BfeI vIr isMG qy pRo:
pUrn isMG dovyN kvI sn. pr AuhnF ny inbMD ilKy. pUrn isMG ny qF iliKaf,
‘rUh dI nMgI qsvIr vfrqk ivwc hI icqrI jf skdI hY.’
aigafq dy Byq qF lwBy hI gey, jo afly-duafly ‘igafq’ sI, idsdf XQfrQ sI,
AusnUM pyÈ krn dI hor vI vzyrI loV pYdf hoeI. iesy krky vfrqk ivwc nfvl
aqy afDunik khfxI dIaF ivDfvF pYdf hI nhIN hoeIaF, iehnF dohF ivDfvF ny
ipCly 2-300 sflF ivwc sfihq df kyNdrI ipVH mwl ilaf. AuWnIvIN sdI nUM qF
nfvl df sunihrI Xuwg ikhf igaf.
sfnUM aMgryËI sfihq pVHfAux vfly iewk pRoPYsr sfihb ikhf krdy sn ik kivqf
df Xuwg Kqm hY. hux qF nfvl df Xuwg hY.
asIN ieh qF nhIN mMndy ik kivqf mr rhI hY, jF mr jfeygI, pr ieh gwl TIk hY
ik awj dy mnuwK dI zMJ vfrqk qoN bgYr buJdI nhIN. ieh kQn hY ik hr svyr
sMsfr Br ivwc lwKF sPy aKbfr ivwc vfrqk ivwc Cpdy hn. kroVF lok svyr dI
cfh aKbfr dy ibnF nhIN pI skdy. isrP dYink pwqr vI byaMq sPy vfrqk ivwc
ilKy inbMDF, khfxIaF aqy nvfl- aMÈF dy Cfpdy hn.
kivqf dI QF nfvl ny ikvyN sMBflI hY, iesdf ieh pRmfx ‘mhFkfiv’ dy mhwqv df
Gtxf hY. ivrly ivrly mhFkfiv afDuink Xuwg ivwc vI ilKy gey hn, pr awj df
smF mhFkfiv df nhIN. mhFkfiv dI QF nfvl ny lY leI hY. rflÌ Pfks afpxI
pusqk ‘nfvl aqy lok’ ivwc ilKdf hY ik nfvl burjuafËI Xuwg df mhFkfiv hY.
qF kI kivqf afAuNdy smiaF ivwc hor vI Gwt ilKI jfeygI? nhIN.
kivqf iksy Xuwg ivwc sfihq df iewko iewk rUp huMdI sI. kvI hI sfihqkfr
khfAuNdf sI. Pyr vfrqk pYdf ho geI. pr vfrqk kivqf dy aDIn rhI. kivqf dI
syivkf. pMjfbI sfihq dy ieiqhfs ivwc ÈyK PrId (1173 – 1266 eI) qoN lY ky
1900 eI: qwk muwK pdvI kivqf nUM imlI rhI. vfrqk isrÌ kvIaF dI kivqf dI
ivafiKaf leI hI ilKI jFdI rhI. pr hux hflq ieh nhIN. hux vfrqk suqMqr ho
geI hY qy kivqf dy brfbr ilKI jf rhI hY. sMq isMG syKoN qy pRo: mohn isMG
dovyN smkflI sn. syKoN ny kdy kdy kivqf vI ilKI, pr muwK qOr’ qy khfxI,
nftk aqy aflocnf df ipV mwilaf. mohn isMG ny vI khfxIaF df iewk sMigRh
‘inwkI inwkI vfÈnf’ iliKaf, pr Auh muwK qOr’ qy kvI bixaf. donF df
sfihq-sMsfr ivwc brfbr df afdr mfx hY.
awj igafn ivigafn df Xuwg hY, pr mnuwK dy afpxy mnoBfv vI hn. suMdrqf aqy
kuhj, KuÈI aqy ÊmI, qFG aqy inrfÈf, ainafie aqy inafie hfsl krn leI mnuwK
df sMGrÈ afid vsqU mnuwK dy jËbfq CyVdy hn. nr nfrI df afpsI sMbMD, bwcy
nfl mnuwK df irÈqf, iewk mnuwK df dUjy mnuwK nfl irÈqf, kudrq dI rMg-brMgI
lIlHf afid vsqU mnuwK aMdr suwqy pey kvI dIaF qrbF jgfAuNdy hn. kI purK
nfrI nUM pRym krnf bMd kr skdf hY? kI mnuwK nUM Bolf Bflf qoqlIaF gwlF
krdf bwcf ipafrf lwgxoN bMd ho skdf hY? kI pRdUÈx rihq kudrq df suhj mnuwK
leI afpxI iKwc gvf skdf hY? nhIN. jy ieh sB iKwcF kfiem hn qF kivqf ikvyN
mr skdI hY?
kivqf ijAUNdI rhygI, pr vfrqk vDyry ilKI jfeygI. vfrqk ivwc inbMD qy nfvl
dI srdfrI bxI rhygI.
628, grIn mfzl tfAUn
jlMDr
mobfeIl: 98720-42611
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