tokrI dy syb

 - ipafrf isMG Bogl (98720-42611)
 

mYnUM sOdf mnjLUr hY. pr iewk sLrq hY. hr koeI sfzy vwl afey. jy tokrI sybF nfl BrI hovygI, qF hI mYN sOdf mMnFgf. jy tokrI ivwc syb pUry nhIN hoey, qF mYnUM gwl pRvfn nhIN.”
“mYnUM drjn syb qF rwK lYx dI KulH hoxI cfhIdI aY.”
“drjn bhuq ijLafdf hYn. qusIN do syb rwK lYxy.”
“ieh bhuq QoVHy aY.”
“PLyr?”
“vwD qoN vwD Cy syb tokrI qoN bfhr rihx dI afigaf dy skdf hF.”
AuWprlI gwlbfq Qok-mMzI dy afVHqI vpfrI aqy iksy prcUn-dukfndfr ivckfr nhIN. do vwzIaF hsqIaF ivckfr hY. ieh hsqIaF sn, lfrz mfAUNt bYtn aqy srdfr vlB BfeI ptyl. gwlbfq vI sybF bfry nhIN sI. aMgryjLF dy rfj ivwc rfj krdy rhy dysI rfijaF dIaF irafsqF bfry sI. Bfrq aqy pfiksqfn do afjLfd dysL bxn vfly sn. lfrz mfAUNt bYtn aqy srdfr ptyl dovyN dysI irafsqF dy BivwKq bfry mn hI mn ivwc soc rhy sn. mfAUNt bYtn ny hI pihl kr ky srdfr ptyl nUM vfiesrfey hfAUs bulfieaf sI. brqfnIaF dI pfrlImYNt ny ijhVf ‘ieMzIaf ieMzIpYNzYNs aYkt’ pfs kIqf sI, Aus ivwc Bfrq qy pfiksqfn nUM afjLfdI idwqI jf rhI sI, qy dysI irafsqF nUM ieh KulH idwqI geI sI ik Auh BfrqI sMG jF pfiksqfn ivc rl jfx, jF jy cfhux qF afjLfd rihx. irafsqF nUM ‘afjLfd’ rihx df lflc kuJ bhuqf hI Brmf irhf sI. vfiesrfey dI afpxI hI kONsl df iewk vwzf aiDkfrI sr konrz korPLIlz, ijsdf kMm hux qwk dysI irafsqF nfl ibRitsL srkfr vwloN vrqoN-ivhfr krnf sI, mfAUNt bYtn nUM dwsy ibnF lMdn jf afieaf sI, qy brqfnIaf srkfr nUM apIl kr afieaf sI ik dysI irafsqF nUM afjLfd rihx dI afigaf dy idwqI jfvy. brqfnIaf srkfr ny AusdI pUrI gwl nhIN mMnI sI. QoVHI mMn leI sI. pihlf aiDkfr ieh dy idwqf sI ik Bfrq jF pfiksqfn ivwc jjLb ho jfx. jy ijLafdf hI sLONk hY, qF afjLfd rih lYx. lflc mfAUNt bYtn nUM vI sI ik afjLfd ho rhy ienHF donF dysLF nfl brqfnIaf df sMbMD iblkul hI nf tuwt jfey. ies leI Ehny nihrU aqy ijnfh donF nUM pRyr ilaf sI ik afjLfd ho jfx qoN bfad vI Auh brqfnvI kfmnvYWlQ dy mYNbr bxy rihx. pr mfAUNt bYtn hkIkq-psMd vI sI. Auh jfxdf sI ik jdoN Bfrq suqMqr ho irhf hY, qy suqMqr vI lMby sMGrsL qoN bfad ho irhf hY, qy iesy qrHF jdoN ijnfh ny bhuq ijLWd kr ky ihMdosqfn dy do toty krvf ley hn, qy vwKrf dysL pfiksqfn giTq ho irhf hY, qF donF dysLF dy afgUaF ny irafsqF nUM afjLfd nhIN rihx dyxf. ijhVy rfjy afjLfd rihx dI ijLWd krngy, Auh kOm pRsqI dy phfV nfl tkrf ky cknf cUr ho jfxgy. so, mfAUNt bYtn afp hI rfijaF nUM pRyrnf cfhuMdf sI, ik kuJ KulHF lY lAu, pr irafsqF qoV idAu. iesy soc aDIn Ausny ptyl nUM bulf ky puwiCaf sI, jy qUM cfhyN qF mYN rfijaF dI mIitMg bulf ky AuhnF nUM smJfAux df Xqn krF? ptyl nUM ieh gwl pRvfn sI. Auh jfxdf sI, mfAUNt bYtn df rfijaF ivwc rsUKL hY. 1921 ivwc jdoN aMgryjF ivwc Aus smyN df bxn vflf bfdsLfh ajyrfj kumfr hI sI, qy Bfrq dy dOry qy afieaf sI, qF mfAUNt bYtn Aus dy sfQI dy qOr’qy Bfrq ivwc GuMmdf irhf sI. dovyN keI dysI irafsqF ivwc jf ky rfijaF nfl iml ky isLkfr Kyzdy rhy sn. ies leI purfxI vfkPLIaq dy afDfr’qy mfAUNtbYtn rfijaF nfl gwl krn dI slfh bxf irhf sI. srdfr ptyl ieh sLrq lf irhf sI ik sfry rfjy hI irafsqF df Bfrq nfl alhfk krn. mfAUNtbYtn kih irhf sI ik Cy ku rfjy sLfied myrI gwl nf mMnx.
mfAUNt bYtn df afpxf sMbMD vI sLfhI KLfndfn nfl sI. jfrj CyvF lUeIas mfAUNt bYtn df ccyrf Brf sI. rUs df bfdsLfh ‘jLfr’ vI, jo 1917 dy sfmrfjvfdI ienklfb dy smyN twbr smyq kql kr idwqf igaf sI, mfAUNtbYtn df irsLqydfr sI. Auh nhIN sI cfhuMdf, Bfrq dy rfjy jLfr vFg kql kIqy jfx. ieh bdly hoey hflfq nUM smJx. Aus ny nihrU aqy ptyl nUM ieh gwl mnfeI sI ik jy rfjy afpxy afp irafsqF Cwz dyx, qF nvIN srkfr AunHF nUM afpxy iKqfb aqy ipRvI prs (sLfhI vjLIPLy) rwKI rwKx dI afigaf dy dyvy.
1939 qoN 1945 qwk dUjf ivsLv XuwD liVaf igaf sI. ies XuwD ivwc iewk pfsy brqfnvI srkfr sI qy dUjy pfsy jrmnI, ietlI aqy jfpfn. 1945 ivwc brqfnIaf ijwq igaf sI. ivroDI dysL hfr gey sn. iesy sfl brqfnIaf dI lok sBf (hfAUs afPL kfmnjL) dI cox hoeI sI. XuwD ijwqx vflI knjLrvyitv pfrtI aqy Ausdf pRDfn mMqrI ivMstn cricl cox hfr gey, aqy lybr pfrtI cox ijwq geI. lybr afgU aYtlI pRDfn mMqrI bx igaf. aYtlI jfxdf sI ik BfvyN brqfnIaf cox ijwq igaf sI, qF vI dysL df dIvflf inkl igaf hY. afrQk qOr qy qbfh ho cuwky aMgryjL lok awgoN leI Bfrf brqfnvI sfmrfj bcf ky nhIN rwK skdy. ibhqr hY, afp hI gLulfm dysLF nUM afjLfd kr dyx. aYtlI ny 1947 dy sLurU ivwc aYlfn kr idwqf ik jUn 1948 qoN pihlF pihlF asIN Bfrq dI srkfr BfrqI pRqIinDF dy hvfly kr idaFgy. iesy mnorQ nfl pihly vfiesrfey vyvl nUM vfps bulfieaf igaf, qy lueIas mfAUNt bYtn nUM nvF vfiesrfey bxfieaf igaf. 24 mfrc 1947 nUM mfAUNtbYtn idwlI phuMicaf. afAuNidaF hI Ausny BfrqI nyqfvF mhfqmf gFDI, pMizq jvfhr lfl nihrU, srdfr ptyl aqy muhMmd alI ijnfh nfl gwlFbfqF sLurU kr leIaF qF ik Auh ‘srkfr’ bxfeI jf sky, jo aMgryjLF vwloN Cwizaf jf irhf rfj sMBfl sky. ijnfh sfihb ies gwl leI aVy rhy ik BfrqI muslmfn alwg ‘kOm’ hn. Auh ‘ihMdU kOm’ nfl nhIN rih skdy. donF dI swiBaqf aqy swiBafcfr alwg alwg hn. aKIr PLYslf ho igaf ik aMgryjL aiDkfrI iewk srkfr nUM nhIN, do srkfrF nUM, afpxy aiDkfr dy ky jfxgy. do dysL aqy do srkfrF bxfAux df aYlfn 2 jUn 1947 nUM afl ieMzIaf ryzIE qoN kIqf igaf. ieh vI aYlfn kIqf igaf ik pMjfb aqy bMgfl vI vMzy jfxgy qy pfiksqfn ivwcoN awDf pMjfb aqy awDf bMgfl hI jfeygf.
pr 565 irafsqF ikwDr jfxgIaF, ieh inrxf rfijaF dI mrjLI AuWqy Cwzxf srdfr ptyl aqy mfAUNt bYtn bhuq KLqrnfk KulH mMndy sn. mfAUNt bYtn nUM qF zr sI ik rfjy iewny mUrK hn ik jy AunHF nUM sMBfilaf nf igaf, qF Auh afpxy afp nUM afp hI qbfh kr lYxgy.
brqfnIaf dIaF coxF qoN bfad Bfrq ivwc vI coxF ho cuwkIaF sn. kyNdrI pfrlImYNt, ijsnUM AudoN sYNtrl asMblI kihMdy sn, cuxI jf cuwkI sI, qy vfiesrfey ny Bfrq dI aMqrm srkfr bxfeI hoeI sI, ijs ivwc pMizq jvfhr lfl nihrU pRDfn mMqrI, srdfr ptyl gRih mMqrI aqy dysI irafsqF dy mMqrI aqy musilm lIg dy lIzr ilafkq alI KLjLfnf mMqrI sn.
aMgryjLI BfsLf kdI rUzIXfrz ikpilMg ny iliKaf sI ik BfrqI rfjy-mhfrfjy pRmfqmf ny DrqI AuWqy ‘mnuwKqf leI dyKxXog njLfrf’ pYdf kIqy hn. rfjy sMgmrmr dy mihlF, suMdr rfxIaF, sLyrF, hfQIaF, GoiVaF aqy hIiraF dy mfx-mwqy mflk sn. mYsUr dy rfjy dy mhwl ivwc Cy sO kmry sn. aOsqn igafrF iKLqfbF dy DfrnI, pMj qoN awT pqnIaF dy pqI, Cy qoN bfrF puwqr-DIaF dy bfp, do qoN nON hfQIaF aqy do qoN awT pRfeIvyt ryl-kfrF dy mflk sn. hIry moqIaF dy Zyr iewkTy krn df sLONk iehnF rfijaF mhFrfijaF nUM bhuq sI. bVody df mhfrfjf sony aqy hIiraF dI pUjf krdf sI. jYpur dy rfjy dI irafsq dI iewk phfVI hIiraF dy Kfx leI pRiswD sI, ijsdI rfKI iewk rfjpUq kbIlf pIVHIaF qoN afpxf Drm smJ ky krdf sI. mhfrfjf kpUrQlf ny afpxI pgVI ivwc sMsfr df sB qoN vwzf topfjL hIrf jVvfieaf hoieaf sI. pitafly dy rfjy pfs iewk moqIaF dI mflf iewnI kImqI sI ik Ausny iesdf bImf ds lwK zflrF df krvfieaf hoieaf sI. zfieMmz hIiraF dI iewk plyt vI pitafly dy sLfhI Grfxy pfs sI, jo ieh lok CfqI AuWqy pihndy sn. ies plyt ivwc 1001 hIry jVy hoey sn. 1900 eI: qwk pitafly ivwc irvfj sI ik rfjf sfl ivwc iewk idn qn dy sfry kwpVy Auqfr ky CfqI AuWqy ieh hIry-jVI plyt pihn ky prjf nUM drsLn idMdf sI.
1900 eI: qwk rfjy mhfrfjy hfQI nUM sB qoN vwD sLfn vflI aqy kImqI svfrI mMndy sn. ies krky nf isrPL hfQI rKdy, sgoN AunHF dy hOdy sony aqy hIiraF nfl mVH ky rwKdy. jdoN kfr dI kfZ inkl afeI, qF sB qoN mihMgI roljL roies kfr KrIdI jfxI sLurU hoeI, qy vwD qoN vwD igxqI ivwc kfrF rwKx df sLONk pYdf hoieaf.
iksy iksy rfjy nUM hI prjf dI ibhqrI leI kMm krn df sLONk sI. bhuqy qF sfry tYks afpxI awXfsLI AuWqy hI KLrc krdy sn. iesy krky bhuqIaF irafsqF 1947 qwk pCVIaF rhIaF. mhfrfjf kpUrQlf afpxI irafsq ivwc sfl ivwc QoVHy idn afAuNdf sI. bhuqf smF pYirs ivwc rihMdf jF msUrI ivwc bxvfey hoey afpxy mhwl ivwc. pitafly dy mhfrfjy ny ihmfcl dy phfVF ivwc cYl nUM afpxI grmIaF dI rfjDfnI bxfieaf hoieaf sI. iewQy AuWcIaF phfVIaF ivwc afrfm dyh mhwl bxvfieaf hoieaf sI, jo hux ‘pYlys hotl’ hY. iewQy hI iewk phfVI AuWqy kirkt grfAUNz bxvfeI, jo sMsfr dI sB qoN AuWcI kirkt grfAUNz hY.
hYdrfbfd df injLfm sMsfr dy sB qoN amIr ivakqIaF ivwc sLfml huMdf sI. pr afp bhuq kMjUs sI. GtIaf qy ssqy kwpVy pihn ky rwKdf. ssqI Kurfk KFdf. kwd Cotf aqy srIr kmjLor ijhf. pRfhuxy isgrt pINdy ijhVy toty myjL’qy aYsL-trya ivwc CWz jFdy, Auh injLfm cuwk lYNdf, qy afp pINdf. AuhdI irafsq aqy hor keI irafsqF ivwc rvfieq sI ik sfl ivwc iewk idn prjf dy lok sony dI mohr iksy qsLqrI ivwc rwK ky rfjy dy sfhmxy pysL huMdy. rfjy mohr nUM Cuh ky qsLqrI moV idMdy. prjf ies nUM sLfhI njLrfnf smJ ky Gr ivwc sjf ky rwKdI. pr injLfm ieh mohrF cuwk cwuk ky afpxI QYlI ivwc pfeI jFdf sI. injLfm ny eynf sonf iewkTf kr ilaf sI ik mhwl ivwc rwKx leI jgHf nhIN sI. sony dIaF sIKF bxvf ky trwk ivwc rwKIaF geIaF, qy ieh trwk mhwl dy nfl bxy hoey bfgL ivwc KVy kIqy gey. ikAuNik ieh sony lwdy trwk bfgL qoN bfhr nhIN jfxy sn, ies krky 1947 qwk ieh KVy KVy jLmIn ivwc Dws rhy sn.
ienHF rfijaF nUM krn leI kMm koeI nhIN sI. mfVHf-motf rfj pRbMD qF dIvfn clfAuNdy sn. rfjy smF gujLfrn leI do kMm krdy. suMdr rfxIaF nfl sONdy, aqy jMglF ivwc isLkfr Kyzdy. sYks dI byaMq BuwK pUrI krn leI iewk qoN bfad dUjI aOrq nUM rfxI bxfAuNdy. mhfrfjf BuipMdr isMG ny 350 rfxIaF nfl ivafh krvfey. qkVy qoN qkVy mrd dI vI ilMg sLkqI amuwk nhIN ho skdI. ies krky lok bhuqf KFdy sn. BuipMdr isMG ijsdf kwd Cy Puwt cfr ieMc sI, qy Bfr 150 ikwlo sI, iewk idn ivwc ds ikwo KLurfk kFdf sI. do ku murgy qF cfh pINdf pINdf Ck jFdf sI. eynI KLurfk Kf ky vI mrdfvIN qfkq EnI nf bxdI, ijMnI mhfrfjf cfhuMdf sI. ies krky bhuq sfry BfrqI qy XUrpIn zfktr kusLqy qy tIky iqafr krn leI rwKy gey sn, jo mhfrfjy dI ilMg-sLkqI nUM vDfAuNdy.
mfAUNt bYtn iehnF rfijaF dIaF ieho ijhIaF KrmsqIaF qoN BlI BFq vfikPL sI. iesy krky Auh BfrqI nyqfvF dI ies iewCf df siqkfr rwKdf sI ik ienHF dIaF irafsqF Koh leIaF jfx, qy ienHF nUM inwjI ijLMdgI leI suqMqr Cwz idwqf jfey. ienHF rfijaF ny iewk sMsQf vI bxfeI hoeI sI, ijsnUM ‘cYNbr afPL ieMzIan ipRisMjL’ kihMdy sn. 1947 ivwc ies cYNbr df pRDfn mhfrfjf XfddivMdrf isMG sI, jo BuipMdr isMG dI mOq qoN bfad pitafly df rfjf bxiaf sI. Auhny gwdI sMBlfdy sfr, afpxI mF nUM Cwz ky bfkI sB rfxIaF kwZ idwqIaF sn. hux vI Aus ny isafxp kIqI. sB qoN pihlF ieh ibafn idwqf ik rfjy afpxIaF irafsqF BfrqI sMG ivwc imlf dyx. mfAUNt bYtn ny cYNbr dI mIitMg ivwc ieho gwl afKI. pr bhuq sfry rfjy aVy rhy. ptyl dy irafsqI mihkmy dy skwqr mYnn nUM vfr vfr keI irafsqF ivwc jfxf ipaf. ksLmIr, jUnfgVH qy hYdrfbfd Pyr vI nf mMny. jUnfgVH qy hYdrfbfd BfrqI POj ny Jukfey, pr ksLmIr ivwc pfiksqfnI kbfielI af vVy, ijnHF nUM kwZx leI BfrqI POj ksLmIr geI. ieAuN ksLmIr ivwc ihMd-pfk df pihlf XuwD hoieaf. XuwD qF kuJ mhIinaF bfad ruk igaf, pr ksLmIr smwisaf awj qwk ltkdI hY.