1857 df gdr- qwQ aqy BulyKy

- zf: prym isMG
 

1857 df gLdr Aus ros df ivkrfl rUp sI ijhVf eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI dIaF nIqIaF ivruwD AuWnIvIN sdI dy BfrqI afvfm ivwc jfigaf. ieh aMgryjL kMpnI 17vIN sdI dy afrMB ivwc inrol vpfrk mMqvF leI Bfrq ivwc sQfpq kIqI geI sI. pr brqfnvIN pUMjIvfd dy Aus smyN dy qkfijLaF anusfr ies ny vpfr dy nfl-nfl Bfrq dy tuwt-Bwj rhy jgIrU sLfsn df lfB AuTfieaf. irafsqF dI inqfxI ho rhI rfjswqf ivwc dKLl dyNidaF, AuhnF dI mdd dy bhfny aMgryjL PLOjI pltxF inXukq kIqIaF aqy afpxy rYjLIzYNt Qfpy. kMpnI ny mkr-PLryb qy cfplUsI qoN lY ky iswDI PLOjksLI nfl BfrqI rjvfiVaF nUM qfibaf kIqf aqy ieEN iewk qoN bfad dUjy ielfky nUM afpxI amldfrI ivwc lY ilaf. kMpnI shI arQF ivwc aijhy lutyiraF df groh sI ijnHF ny hr hrbf vrq ky kroVF rupey KLud kmfey, brqfnvI snaqkfrF dy munfiPLaF ivwc vfDf kIqf aqy aMgryjL srkfr dy KLjLfny nUM mflfmfl kIqf. ieh vrqfry do sdIaF dy lMmy smyN ivwc vfpry aqy iehnF dI isKLr gvrnr jnrl lfrz zlhOjLI dy smyN (1846-56) hoeI jdoN Aus ny sqfrf, JFsI, nfgpur aqy avD dy ielfky kMpnI dI rfjswqf aDIn lY aFdy. pMjfb ivwc aMgryjLF dI hkUmq iswDIaF PLOjI twkrF dy nqIjy vjoN 1849 ivwc kfiem hoeI, BfvyN lfhOr drbfr dI Brf mfrU jMg aqy kuJ srdfrF dI gwdfrI vI aMgryjLF dy pUrI qrHF kMm afeI.
lfrz zlhOjLI ny ieh dfavf kIqf sI ik Aus ny bhuq QoVHI kImq dy ky ieMglYNz dy KLjLfny ivwc 40 lwK pONz df vfDf kIqf hY. bdnfm ‘zfktirn afPL lYps’ bfry, ijs dy qihq Aus ny lfvld mrn vfly rfijaF dIaF irafsqF aMgryjL sLfsn aDIn kIqIaF, Aus dI nIqI Aus dy iehnF sLbdF qoN spsLt hY:
“Bfrq dy rfjy iksy cMgy kMm dy Xog nhIN. Auh ieiqhfdIaF vjoN inkMmy hn aqy dusLmxF vjoN inpuMsk. pr PLyr vI jMg aqy amn dohF dy simaF ivwc Auh KLrUd pf skdy hn. iehnF vwl nUM iewko iewk nIqI TIk hY ik mOkf imlidaF hI, iehnF irafsqF nUM KLqm kr idwqf jfvy.” (ey kMprIhYNisv ihstrI afPL ieMzIaf)
eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI dIaF nIqIaF kfrn hjLfrF qawlukdfr aqy jfgIrdfr jLmInI hwkF qoN vFJy ho gey, irafsqF dy rfjy KLjLfny lutf bYTy, aqy KLLud kMpnI dy hI pYnsLn-KLuafr ho gey. BfrIaF vsUlIaF kfrn iksfn gLurbq dy isLkMjy ivwc kwsy gey. brqfnvI snaqkfrF dy kfrKLfny cldy rwKx leI Bfrq dI dsqkfrI snaq qbfh kIqI geI aqy ies ivwc kMm kr ky lwKF lok byrujLgfr ho gey. vpfrk kMpnI qoN PLOjI qfkq aqy rfjswqf dI mflk bx jfx df aml brqfnvI pUMjIvfd dy sfmrfj ivwc vt jfx dy vrqfry anusfr hI hoieaf.
ies nUM AuhnF vkqF dy BfrqI smfj dI dIrG aDogqI hI ikhf jf skdf hY ik aMgryjLF ny mukfblqn mfmUlI PLOjI nPLrI nfl 20 kroV vsoN dy dysL AuWqy afpxf rfj sQfpq kr ilaf. aijhI avsQf dy kfrnF bfry ieiqhfskfrF dy afpo-afpxy mq hn. pr ies gwl qoN ienkfr nhIN ho skdf ik BfrqIaF dy PLOjI sihXog qoN ibnF, ijhVf iksy rfjsI afDfr AuWqy nhIN, sgoN rujLgfr dI qlb ivwcoN Aupijaf sI, aMgryjL Bfrq nUM gLulfm nhIN bxf skdy sn. ieh qwQ idlcsp hY ik gLdr vfprn qoN aYn pihlF kMpnI dI PLOj dIaF iqMn bxqrF ivwcoN iksy ivwc vI aMgryjLF dI igxqI 19vIN sdI qoN vwD nhIN sI aqy ihMdusqfnIaF dI 81 PLIsdI qoN Gwt nhIN sI. 1852 qoN 1856 dy pMj sflF ivwc aMgryjLI PLOj dI nPLrI 43709 qoN lY ky 45, 104 qwk sI aqy ihMdusqfnI PLOj dI igxqI 2,39,073 qoN lY ky 2,35,221 qwk sI. (qfn qfeI XFg, ‘df gYrIjLn styt’ )
pr aMkiVaF dI ieAuN qulnf kridaF sfDfrnIkrn qoN prhyjL krnf Xog hovygf. Bfrq dI smfjk aqy rfjsI aDogqI dy bfvjUd brqfnvI slqnq Bfrq ivwc afsfnI nfl sQfpq nhIN ho skI sI. ieiqhfskfrF dy anusfr, 1763 qoN, jdoN AuWqrI bMgfl ivwc sinafsIaF dI bgLfvq afrMB hoeI, 1856 qwk, anykF CotIaF-vwzIaF sQfnk twkrF qoN ielfvf 40 vwzIaF bgLfvqF hoeIaF sn. ( ‘ieMzIafjL strgl PLfr ieMzIpYNzYNs ) Bfv, bgLfvqF df ieh dOr qkrIbn iewk sdI qwk cldf irhf sI.
sinafsIaF dI bgLfvq AuWqy hI bMikm cMdr cYtrjI ny afpxf pRiswD nfvl ‘afnMd mwT’ iliKaf sI. ies bgLfvq ivwc iksfnF qoN ielfvf nOkrI qoN htfey gey PLOjIaF ny srgrm isLrkq kIqI sI. dwKx ivwc qirnfvylI dy polIgfrF jF jgIrdfrF ny bgLfvq kIqI ijhVI 1801 qwk cwlI. 1808 ivwc qrfvnkor dy dIvfn ny bgLfvq kr idwqI. eysy qrHF sOrfsLtr ivwc 1816 qoN lY ky 1832 qwk aqy krnftk ivwc 1824 qoN 1830 qwk ivdroh cwldf irhf. iblfspur dy rfjpUqF, alIgVH dy qawlukdfrF aqy jblpur dy buMDyilaF ny eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI dIaF gqIivDIaF ivruwD sMGrsL kIqy. AuWqrI kyrlf dy mflfbfr ielfky ivwc 1836 qoN 1854 qwk iksfnF dy keI ivroD hoey. pUrbI Bfrq ivwc iehnF virHaF ivwc hoey aMdoln mwuK rUp ivwc afid vfsIaF dy sn ijnHF ivwcoN sB qoN vwD sLkqIsLflI cuvfrF df sI ijhVf pwCmI imdnfpur qoN lY ky dwKxI ibhrf, Cotf nfgpur aqy AuVIsf qwk dy ielfikaF ivwc 1796 qoN 1816 qwk cldf irhf.
ieh ivdroh aqy twkrF sQfnk KLfsy dIaF hox krky iksy dysL-ivafpI aMdoln nUM jnm nf dy skIaF. PLyr vI iehnF ny ieh qwQ pRmfixq kr idwqf ik kMpnI dI hkUmq aqy Aus vwloN lfgU kIqy jFdy kfnUMn aqy AuhnF nUM lfgU krn smyN vrqy gey ZMg qrIky BfrqI afvfm dy vwK-vwK qbikaF ivwc zUMGI Auqyjnf pYdf kr rhy sn. ies qrHF dI avsQf ivwc iksfnF dI mMdhflI aqy AuhnF qoN vsUly jFdy lgfn aqy mflIey leI kIqI jFdI sKLqI df BfrqI PLOj AuWqy asr ipaf ikAuNik PLOjI, iksfn pirvfrF ivwcoN hI BrqI huMdy sn. pr 1857 ivwc AuhnF vwloN jfn dI bfjLI lfAux dy kuJ Aucyry kfrn vI sn.
iewk BfrqI ispfhI Aus smyN qwk kyvl sUbydfr myjr qwk hI qrwkI kr skdf sI. ies rYNk AuWqy puwj ky vI Aus dI qnKLfh aMgryjL rMgrUt nfloN Gwt huMdI sI. gorf PLOj leI KLurfk aqy irhfiesL dy pRbMD BfrqI PLOj nfloN bhuq ibhqr huMdy sn pr lVfeIaF smyN KLqrnfk moricaF AuWqy vDyry BfrqI ispfhI hI mrdy sn aqy jLKLmI huMdy sn. smyN nfl BfrqI PLOjIaF ivwc ieh Bfvnf vI pYdf hox lwg peI ik AuhnF nUM dysL aMdr afpxy BfeI-bMdF ivruwD lVxf pYxf hY aqy ivdysLF ivwc vI Auh brqfnvI slqnq dy ihwqF dI rfKI leI vrqy jFdy hn. ies qrHF dI jfigRqI ajy muwZly pVfa AuWqy hI sI ik 1825 ivwc iewk aijhI Gtnf vfpr geI ijs nUM vDyry ieiqhfskfrF ny 1857 dy gLdr leI iewk Aucycf sMkyq mMinaf hY. pr aMgryjL PLOjI aiDkfrIaF ny ies sMkyq nUM hkfrq nfl rwd kIqf. iesy leI afpxI sfrI cOksI aqy gwdfrF vwloN muKbrI dy bfvjUd 1857 ivwc Auh jnqk roh dy iewk dysL-ivafpI qUPLfn ivwc iGr gey sn. ieh sMkyq kolkfqf nyVy bYrkpur CfAuxI ivwc vfprI iewk drdnfk Gtnf qoN imldf sI. 2 nvMbr 1825 nUM 450 ihMdusqfnI PLOjIaF nUM gorf PLOj ny ies leI golI nfl Auzfieaf ikAuNik Auh PLOjksLI leI brmf jfx nUM iqafr nhIN sn. ies qrfsdI qoN agly iqMn dhfikaF qwk BfrqI ispfhIaF aMdr vwK-vwK kfrnF kr ky bycYnI PLYldI rhI sI. eyQy bYrkpur CfAuxI ivwc hI 1850 ivwc 66-vIN rYjmYNt ny bgLfvq kIqI ijs df afDfr Aus alfAUNs ivwc ktOqI sI ijhVf ivdysLF ivwc Byjy jfx AuWqy PLOjIaF nUM imldf sI.
AuhnF vkqF ivwc BfrqI pltxF dy aMgryjL aPLsr ihMdusqfnIaF dIaF Dfrimk rh-rIqF dI vDyry prvfh nhIN krdy sn, mgroN BfvyN AuhnF ny iehnF gwlF vwl vDyry iDafn idwqf. Aus smyN gYLr-iswK PLOjIaF leI dfhVIaF munvfAuxf lfjLmI kr idwqf igaf. PyLr 1856 dy iewk afm hukm rfhIN BfrqI PLOjIaF leI iksy QF vI izAUtI AuWqy Byjy jfxf lfjLmI kr idwqf igaf aqy ienkfr dI sUrq ivwc kort mfrsLl kIqy jfx dI qfVnf kr idwqI geI. kuJ ihMdU jfqF, Kfs kr ky brfhmxF aqy rfjpUqF ivwc Aus smyN smuMdr df sPLr vrijq mMinaf jFdf sI aqy AuhnF ivwcoN BrqI kIqy gey PLOjIaF ivwc ieh zr vI PLYl igaf sI ik aMgryjL AuhnF df Drm iBRsLt kr ky AuhnF nUM eIsfeI bxfAuxf cfhuMdy sn.
vDyry ieiqhfskfrF vwloN gLdr dy BVk AuWTx df PLOrI kfrn AuhnF kfrqUsF nUM mMinaf igaf hY ijhVy “aYkPLIlz” rfeIPLl ivwc vrqx leI ilaFdy gey sn. ieh rfeIPLl 1856 ivwc PLOj dy aslfKLfny ivwc sLfiml kIqI geI sI. iehnF kfrqUsF AuWqy ciVHaf hoieaf momI kfgLjL kfrqUs dMdF ivwc dbf ky htfAuxf pYNdf sI. Aus smyN BfrqI PLOj ivwc ieh aPLvfh PLYl geI ik ies momI kfgLjL leI vrqI jFdI icknfeI ivwc gF aqy sUr dI crbI sLfiml hY. ispfhIaF ny XkIn kr ilaf ik ieh kfrqUs ihMdUaF aqy muslmfnF df Drm iBRsLt krn aqy AuhnF nUM jLlIl krn leI jfrI kIqy gey hn. 9 meI 1857 nUM myrT CfAuxI ivwc gorf PLOj ny AuhnF ihMdusqfnI ispfhIaF nUM igRPLqfr kr ilaf ijnHF ny ieh kfrqUs vrqx qoN nFh kr idwqI sI. AuhnF dIaF vrdIaF luhf leIaF geIaF aqy AuhnF nUM byVIaF lf ky jylH ivwc bMd kr idwqf igaf. agly idn myrT CfAuxI dy ispfhIaF ny bgLfvq kr idwqI. sB qoN pihlF AuhnF ny gory aPLsrF nUM golI df insLfnf bxfieaf aqy jylH qoV ky afpxy sfQIaF nUM irhf krvf ilaf. PLyr AuhnF ny idwlI vwl nUM DfeI kIqI aqy sLihr AuWqy kbjLf kr lYx qoN bfad mugLl slqnq dy afKLrI bfdsLfh, bhfdr sLfh nUM, ijs nUM AuNj swqf qoN htf idwqf igaf sI aqy ijhVf aMgryjLF df pYnsLn KuLafr sI, Bfrq df bfdsLfh Qfp idwqf. CyqI hI ieh bgLfvq vwzy Kyqr ivwc PLYl geI. qkrIbn hr QF pihl ihMdusqfnI PLOjIaF vwloN CfAuxIaF ivwc hoeI. keI QfvF AuWqy ipMzF dy iksfn aqy ksibaF dy dsqkfr aqy dukfndfr vI ivdrohIaF nfl rl gey. ieEN cfr-pMj hPLiqaF dy smyN ivwc AuWqr ivwc pMjfb qoN lY ky dwKx ivwc nrbdf qwk aqy pUrb ivwc ibhfr qoN lY ky pwCm ivwc rfjpuqfnf qwk qkrIbn sfrf ielfkf ivdroh dI lpyt ivwc af igaf. gLdr dy ieh ibrqFq ieiqhfs dIaF pusqkF ivwc drj hn aqy iehnF df sMKyp vyrvf ividafrQIaF dy kors df ihwsf hY aqy AuhnF dIaF pfT pusqkF ivwc drj hY.
gLdr sPLl nf hoieaf. sqMbr 1857 ivwc aMgryjL PLOj ny idwlI nUM Plyr PLqih kr ilaf. bfdsLfh nUM igRPLqfr kr ky jlfvqn kr idwqf igaf. JFsI dI rfxI lksLmI bfeI jUn 1858 ivwc ivdrohI PLOj dI agvfeI krdI hoeI mfrI geI. nfnf sfihb PLrfr ho ky nypfl clf igaf. qFqIaf topy aprYl 1859 qwk gurIlf jMg lVdf irhf pr aMgryjLF dy iewk eyjMt ny ienfm dy lflc ivwc AuhnF nUM igRPLqfr krvf idwqf. aMgryjLF ny Aus nUM mOq dI sjLf idwqI.
kI ieh gLdr kyvl PLOjI ispfhIaF df ivdroh sI jF ies nUM ivsLfl jn-smUhF df smrQn hfsl sI, aQvf kI ieh iewk kOmI bgLfvq sI? kI ies df AudysL aMgryjLF dI gLulfmI qoN mukqI prfpq krnf sI jF ivdrohIaF aqy AuhnF dy inwjI svfrQ hI ies dI asl cflk sLkqI sn? ieh aqy ies qrHF dy hor svfl ipCly smyN ivwc ieiqhfskfrF, icMqkF aqy rfjsI ivcfrvfnF dI crcf df ivsLf rhy hn. 150-vIN vrHygMZ dy mOky AuWqy vI ieh svfl ivcfrn Xog hn ikAuNik ieiqhfskfrI ivwc hrPL-ey-afiKLr ijhI koeI cIjL nhIN huMdI. nvyN qwQF df sfhmxy afAuxf aqy mnuwKI soc dy ivkfs dy qkfjLy ies aml nUM inrMqr cldf rihx vflf bxf dyNdy hn.
gLdr dI pihlI sLqfbdI dy mOky AuWqy jdoN ieh svfl pUrI isLwdq nfl AuWTy sn qF kimAUinst afgU mrhUm pI:sI: josLI ny ies mwq dI bfdlIl proVHqf kIqI sI aqy ieiqhfskfrF dIaF ilKLqF dy hvfly nfl ieh iswD krn df Xqn kIqf sI ik ies aMdoln ivwc sB qoN vwD kurbfnI iksfnF dI mMnI jfvygI ikAuNik Auh bhuq hI vwzI igxqI ivwc mfry gey sn. pr iksfnI df ieh rol mMnidaF hoieaF vI josLI ny Kojkfr qlmIjL KLldUn dI ies Dfrnf nUM aiqkQnI ikhf sI ik ieh gLdr “dysI jfgIrdfrI aqy ivdysLI sfmrfj ivruwD iksfnF dI jMg sI.” nfl hI josLI ny ies ivcfr df vI KLMzn kIqf sI ik ivdrohI purfxy jgIrU injLfm dI bhflI leI lVH rhy sn. jvfhr lfl nihrU dy ies kQn nUM ik “iewk hfr cuwky jgIrU pRbMD leI lVn nfl afjLfdI nhIN af skdI sI” aqy ieiqhfskfr afr:sI:mjUmdfr dI ies itwpxI nUM ik “1857-58 dIaF musIbqF aqy KLUn-KLrfbf, Bfrq ivwc afjLfdI dI lihr dIaF jnm-pIVF nhIN sn, sgoN ieh vylf ivhf cuwkI reIssLfhI aqy mwDkfl dI iqVk rhI jgIrdfrI dy GorVU dIaF afvfjLF sn”, josLI ny rwd kIqf. AuprMq Bfrq srkfr ny aiDkfirq ieiqhfskfr suirMdr nfQ syn dy ies inrxy df KMzn kridaF ik ivdrohI qF asl ivwc “Ault-ienklfb kr rhy sn”, josLI ny svfl kIqf sI ik iehnF qrkF anusfr qF brqfnvI srkfr Bfrq ivwc smfjk ienklfb ilaf rhI sI, qF PLyr dysL vfsIaF nUM kI loV peI sI ik Auh aMgryjL hfkmF nUM Bfrq Cwzx leI mjbUr krdy. ( ‘rIbYlIan 1857 – ey ismpojLIam’ )
pr iesy ivsLy AuWqy ilKidaF kimAUinst pfrtI (mfrksvfdI) dy afgU mrhUm eI:aYm:aYs nMbUdrIpfd ny Auprokq nfloN iblkul vwKry inrxy pysL kIqy. Aus ny iliKaf ik gLdr nUM “sfry dwKxI Bfrq, bMgfl smyq pUrbI Bfrq aqy pMjfb ivwc jnqk smrQn prfpq nhIN hoieaf sI……. nvIN pVHI-ilKI pIVHI ny ies df ivroD kIqf sI aqy aMgryjL df sfQ idwqf sI. ies leI ieh gwl do-tuk qrIky nfl nhIN khI jf skdI ik gLdr afjLfdI dI pihlI lVfeI sI.
nMbUdrIpfd ny ieh vI iliKaf hY ik “ijnHF ispfhIaF ny 1857-59 ivwc bgLfvq nUM dbfAux ivwc aMgryjLF df sfQ idwqf, AuhnF dI igxqI nfloN keI guxf vwD sI……. jdoN burjUaf kOmpRsq ieiqhfskfr ies nUM afjLfdI dI pihlI lVfeI kihMdy hn qF Auh ies qwQ nUM awKoN proKf krdy hn.”
Aus smyN dy Bfrq dy jgIrU smfj dy aMqr-ivroDF dI gwl kridaF nMbUdrIpfd ny iliKaf sI:
“iehnF hflfq df pRgtfvf 1857-59 ivwc vI hoieaf. JFsI dI rfxI, nfnf sfihb aqy ies bgLfvq dy pRvfixq hor afgU afpxy ihwqF dI rfKI leI aqy afpxy ivroDIaF nUM nuksfn phuMcfAux leI, iewk jF dUjy mOky AuWqy aMgryjLF dI mdd lYNdy rhy………. ies qrHF dy ivhfr kfrn sfDfrn ispfhI aqy hyTly rYNk dy PLOjI aMgryjLF dy hwQ Toky bx ky bgLfvq dy ivruwD Bugqy.’ (‘ ey ihstrI afPL ieMzIan PlrIzm strgl’ )
gLdr dy afgUaF vwloN afpxy inwjI ihwqF nUM qrjIh dyx dI gwl mOlfnf abdul klfm afjLfd ny vI kIqI hY. Bfrq srkfr vwloN ilKvfey gey gLdr dy ieiqhfs dI BUimkf ivwc mOlfnf afjLfd ny iliKaf:
“1857 dIaF GtnfvF bfry pVHidaF mYN ies duKdfiek nqIjy AuWqy puwjf hF ik Aus smyN BfrqI kOmI cirwqr bhuq nIvF izwg irhf sI. bgLfvq dy afgU kdy vI afps ivwc iewkmq nhIN sn. Auh iewk-dUjy nfl eIrKf rwKdy sn aqy afps ivwc sfijLsLF lgfqfr krdy rihMdy sn…….”
“eynI hI mhwqvpUrn ieh gwl hY ik kuJ iewk nUM Cwz ky, ijnHF ivwc vDyry AuWGy aihmd AuWlf aqy qFiqaf topy sn, sMGrsL ivwc ihwsf lYx vfly vDyry afgU jfqI ihwqF qoN pRyirq sn. Enf icr Auh aMgryjL ivruwD nf AuWTy, ijMnF icr AuhnF dy jLfqI ihwq nUM swt nf vwjI.” ( ‘eytIn iPLPLtI sYvn’ )
gLdr dI lIzrisLwp dy aMqr-ivroD lfjLmI qOr AuWqy ies dI pRgqI aqy ies dy nqIijaf AuWqy pRBfvI hoey hoxgy. pr iehnF df jfiejL noits lYNidaF ies ivdroh dI ienklfbI smrwQf nUM Gtf ky vyKxf vI gLlq hovygf. BfrqI ieiqhfskfrF ny afpxI Koj dI vDyry tyk AuhnF aMgryjL ieiqhfskfrF dIaF ilKLqF aqy srkfrI dsqfvyjLF AuWqy rwKI hY ijnHF dy ibrqFq aqy inrxy kfPLI hwd qwk pwKpfqI sn. iehnF ilKLqF ivwc ivdrohIaF vwloN kIqy gey jLulmF aqy aMgryjL kmFzrF dIaF bhfdrIaF dy vyrvy qF bhuq iml jfxgy aqy ikqy ikqy rfxI JFsI ijhI vIrFgx dI sUrmgqI bfry itwpxI vI, pr aMgryjLF ny ivdrohIaF qoN ielfvf byksUr lokF AuWqy ijhVy jLulm Zfhy, AuhnF df ibrqFq bhuq Gwt imlygf.
eysy qrHF Auh aYlfn aqy PLYsly ijhVy ivdrohIaF dy afgUaF vwloN kIqy gey , BfrqI ieiqhfskfrF ny axgOly kIqy hn. iehnF dI iewk Audfhrx “afjLmgVH aYlfn-nfmf” hY, ijhVf bfdsLfh dy nFa AuWqy bgLfvq dy afgUaF vwloN 25 aqgsq 1857 nUM jfrI kIqf igaf. ies qoN ies sMGrsL dI syD aqy ies dy tIcy dI spwsLt insLfndyhI huMdI hY. ies “aYlfnnfmy” anusfr “lok , swcy Drm nUM nf mMnx vfly aqy dgLfbfjL aMgryjLF dy jLulm aqy jbr kfrn cIk rhy hn”, “mflIey dy bkfieaF dI vsUlI leI ijLMMmIdfrF dIaF jLmInF nIlfm kIqIaF geIaF hn” afpxy jLmInI mflkI dy hwkF leI cfrfjoeI krky ijLMmIdfr adflqF ivwc rul rhy hn aqy AuhnF nfl pYr-pYr AuWqy DoKf ho irhf hY”, sfDfrn lokF leI bfiewjLq PLOjI aqy isvlIan nOkrIaF dy drvfjLy bMd kr idwqy gey hn”, “julfihaF sUqr kwqx vfilaF, qrKfxF, luhfrF, mocIaF, sB dy hwQoN rujLgfr Kuws igaf hY”, aqy “hr BfrqI dsqkfr BIK mMgx AuWqy mjbUr ho igaf hY”. aKLIr ivwc ies aYlfn-nfmy ivwc apIl kIqI geI sI ik “lok sFJy ihwqF leI XqnsLIl hox qF jo hr iewk afpxy insLfny dI prfpqI kr sky. pr ieh qd hI sMBv hY jy aMgryjLF nUM dysL ivwcoN Dwk ky bfhr kwZ idwqf jfvy.” ( ‘ ey kMprIhYNisv ihstrI afPL ieMzIaf’ )
ieEN aMgryjLF dI rfjswqf nUM htfAux df kfrj insLicq qOr ‘qy inrDfirq kIqf igaf sI. ieh ikvyN ikhf jf skdf hY ik gLdr dy afgU afpxy inwjI svfrQF leI bfgLIaF dy awgy lwg qury sn.
bysLwk ieh TIk hY ik vIhvIN sdI ivwc cwlI afjLfdI dI lihr iewk vwKrI nuhfr vflI qihrIk sI pr jy svfl ieh hovy ik aMgryjLF dI gulfmI qoN mukqI prfpq krn df muwdf kdoN AuWiTaf aqy iks iDr ny pihloN AuTfieaf qF afjLfdI dI lihr dI sB qoN pRBfvI iDr ieMzIan nYsLnl kFgrs ny ieh svfl afpxy jnm qoN 44 sfl bfad 1929 ivwc AuTfieaf. gLdr pfrtI ny 1913-14 ivwc aMgryjL hkUmq df qKLqf AultfAux leI hiQafrbMD bgLfvq df swdf idwqf. nfmDfrI lihr vwloN brqfnvI adfiraF dy bfeIkft df swdf AuWnIvIN sdI dy swTivaF ivwc idwqf igaf. ijvyN ik AuWpr idwqy gey hvfly qoN pRqwK hY 1857 dy gLdr ivwc ieh svfl ivdrohIaF vwloN insLLicq qOr AuWqy AuTf idwqf igaf sI.
gLdr dI asPLlqf df muwK kfrn ieh sI ik ivdrohIaF kol ies ienklfb nUM loVINdf ivsQfr dyx aqy afvfm ivwc ies dIaF zUMGIaF jVHF lfAux leI koeI progrfm nhIN sI. bfdsLfhq dI bhflI qoN awgy AuhnF ny rfjswqf dy mfmly ivwc afpxy sfhmxy koeI hor insLfnf nhIN rwiKaf sI. ieiqhfsk sMdrBF kfrn ieh ienkflbI AuBfr kyvl jfgIrdfr-ivroDI jmhUrI KLfsy df hI ho skdf sI. pr ijnHF hflfqF ivwc ieh ivdroh AuWiTaf sI, AuhnF ivwc KLud jfgIrdfr qbkf, iewk hd qwk, ies dIaF cflk sLkqIaF df ihwsf sI. ies AuBfr dI sImf aqy sMBfvnf iesy ivwc sI.
pr afjLfdI dI lihr dI ieiqhfskfrI dI idRsLtI qoN afpxI asPLlqf dy bfvjUd ieh gLdr kOmI mukqI aMdoln dI jMg sI ijs ivwc Bfrq vfsIaF ny pihlI vfr dysL-BgqI, kOm-pRsqI aqy sfmrfj-ivroDI BfvnfvF df pRgtfvf kIqf. gLdr ny BfrqI afvfm nUM iewkmuwT kIqf aqy mjHbI qPLrky myt idwqy, BfvyN vkqI qOr AuWqy hI. qjrby ny ieh drsfieaf ik afjLfdI df sMgrfm kyvl Drm-inrpyKqf dy afDfr AuWqy hI liVaf jf skdf sI.
ivcfrvfnF leI ies sUqr AuWqy iDafn dyxf Auicq hY ik kI gLdr nUM bfdsLfhq dI bhflI aQvf jgIrU injLfm dI pRoVqf df ipCFh-iKwcU aMdoln kihxf aqy ieEN vIhvIN sdI ivwc cwlI afjLfdI dI lihr vwloN ies nUM inKyV ky vyKxf ieiqhfs dy asl qwQF dy anukUl hY jF ies nUM Bfrq dI afjLfdI df pihlf sMgrfm kihxf aqy ies nUM vIhvIN sdI ivwc cwly afjLfdI dy aMdoln leI iewk afDfr-isLlf mMnxf, vDyry ivigafnk aqy vDyry XQfrQk hY?
ieh crcf gLdr bfry kfrl mfrks dIaF itwpxIaF dy ijLkr qoN bgLYr aDUrI rhygI. ies aMdoln ivwc kfrl mfrks aqy PrYzirk eyNjls dI zUMGI idlcspI df muwK kfrn ieh sI ik Auh pUrbI dysLF, ivsLysL qOr AuWqy cIn aqy Bfrq ivwc cldy bsqIvfdI sMGrsLF nUM XUrpI ienklfb dIaF sMBfvnfvF nfl joV ky vyKdy sn. ieh gwl TIk khI geI hY ik gLdr bfry “inAUXfrk zylI tiribAUn” nUM Byjy gey mfrks dy izspYc, Aus dIaF ivsLlysLxfqmk ilKLqF dy brfbr hYsIaq nhIN rwKdy, pr ikAuNik PLyr vI ieh kfrl mfrks dIaF ilKLqF hn, iehnF nUM iksy sfDfrn pwqrkfr dIaF clMq iksm dIaF itwpxIaF smJ ky awKoN proKf nhIN kIqf jf skdf. ( ‘krfeIiss ien sosLiljLm’ )
kfrl mfrks ny hI brqfnvI pfrlImYNt ivwc Aus smyN dy ivroDI dl dy nyqf izjLrYlI df, ijhVf mgroN brqfnIaF df pRDfn mMqrI bixaf, ieh hvflf afpxy mq dI proVqf vjoN idwqf sI ik “Bfrq dI mOjUdf gVbV iewk PLOjI gLdr nhIN, sgoN iewk kOmI bgLfvq hY ijs ivwc PLOjI ispfhI kyvl iewk srgrm sMd hn.” mfrks ny gLdr afrMB hox qoN pMj hPLqy bfad qwk dIaF GtnfvF df sfrMsL pysL kridaF iliKaf hY ik “hOlI hOlI hor vI aijhy qwQ nucV afAuxgy ijnHF qoN jfhn buwl vI kfiel ho jfvygf ik ijs nUM Auh PLOjI gLdr smJdf hY, Auh asl ivwc iewk kOmI bgLfvq hY.”
mfrks ny hI brqfnvI pfrlImYNt ivwc cldI crcf aqy anykF dsqfvyjLF dy afDfr AuWqy eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI dy bsqIvfdI KLfsy nUM nMgf kIqf sI aqy ivdrohIaF df rwj ky pwK pUiraf sI. mfrks ny ieh vI iliKaf hY ik ikvyN BfrqI smfj dy ivsLfl jn-smUh, ies aMdoln ivwc iewkmuwT ho ky kuwty sn aqy ikvyN “ihMdU aqy muslmfn afpsI ivroDF AuWqy kfbU pf ky afpxy sFJy hfkmF ivruwD iekwTy hoey sn,…. ieh bgLfvq kuJ ielfikaF qwk mihdUd nhIN hY……. ihMdUaF qoN sLurU hoey PLsfdF dy aMq ivwc muslmfn bfdsLfh nUM qKLq AuWqy ibTf idwqf igaf hY.”
ies ivdroh dI asPLlqf AuWqy itwpxI kridaF mfrks aqy eyNgljL ny ieh inrxf ilaf ik iewk sMgiTq lIzriswLp aqy akihrI PLOjI kmfn dI axhoNd ies dI hfr df iewk kfrn bxI. AuhnF ieh vI ikhf ik brqfnvI srmfeydfrI vwloN Bfrq dy smfj ivwc ilaFdIaF geIaF qbdIlIaF df BfrqI afvfm EnI dyr lfB nhIN AuTf skxgy, ijMnI dyr qwk ieMglYNz ivwc srmfeydfrI dI hkUmq dI QF snaqI mjLdUr jmfq dI hkUmq kfiem nhIN huMdI jF BfrqI afvfm hI “brqfnvI jUly” nUM lfh ky nhIN mfrdy. ( ‘df PLst ieMzIan vfr afPL ieMzIpYNzYNs’ )
gLdr smyN pMjfbIaF dI BUimkf df svfl bhuq gLlq rUp ivwc pysL kIqf jFdf irhf hY. kuJ ieiqhfskfrF aqy lyKkF ny ies Dfrnf nUM ibnF sMkoc prvfn kr ilaf hY ik jy iswK aMgryjLF dI mdd nf krdy qF aMgryjL ies gLdr ivwc jyqU nhIN ho skdy sn. ies qoN pihlF ik ies ivcfr AuWqy itwpxI kIqI jfvy ieh gwl iDafnXog hY ik aMgryjL aPLsrF aqy ieiqhfskfrF ny ies qrHF dI rfey Bfrq dIaF hornF iDrF bfry vI idwqI hY. imsfl vjoN kfrl mflysn ny, ijs ny iqMn ijldF ivwc ies bgLfvq df ieiqhfs iliKaf, iewk rIkfrz kIqf hY ik “jy rfjpUqfny ivwc bgLfvq ho jFdI qF aMgryjL kdy sPLl nf huMdy.” eysy qrHF lYPLtInYNt jnrl ienyjL ny, ijs ny vI ies bgLfvq bfry, iewk pusqk ilKI, ieh iliKaf hY ik “ieh kyvl isMDIaF dI vPLfdfrI sI ijs ny brqfnvI slqnq nUM bcf ilaf.” krnl mflysn aqy jnrl ienyjL dovyN hI gLdr nUM dbfAux ivwc pysL-pysL sn.
iswKF vwloN aMgryjL dI mdd dI Dfrnf aMgryjL lyKkF ny qF AuCflI hI hY, BfrqI ieiqhfskfr vI afm qOr AuWqy QoVHy bhuq PLrk nfl, ieh gwl prvfn krdy rhy hn ik Aus smyN dIaF iswK irafsqF dy rfijaF vwloN iswK pltxF Byjx nfl aMgryjL PLyr idwlI AuWqy kfbjL ho gey. ies mfmly ivwc vI pwqrkfr aqy lyKk srdfr KusLvMq isMG sB nUM ipwCy Cwz igaf hY. Aus ny iliKaf hY ik kuJ iewk nUM Cwz ky “sqluj dy dohF pfisaF dy rfjy aqy iksfn inrsMkoc aMgryjL dI mdd AuWqy afey.” aqy ieh ik “ieh gwl hYrfnI vflI nhIN sI ikAuNik Auh lok ijhVy 1857 dIaF grmIaF ivwc afjLfdI dy mujLfihd hox df dfavf krdy sn, Auho hI sn, ijnHF ny awT sfl pihlF iPLrMgIaF dy hwQ Toky bx ky pMjfbIaF nUM gulfm bxfieaf sI.”
Aus ny hor iliKaf:
“bgLfvq nUM dbfAux dy mfmly ivwc pMjfbIaF ivwcoN sB qoN vwD Buimkf iswKF dI sI.” ( ‘ihstrI afPL iswKs’ )
ieh mMnidaF hoieaF ik PLUlkIaF irafsqF dIaF iswK pltxF aMgryjLF dI shfieqf leI ByjIaF geIaF aqy AuhnF ny gLdr dy ivdroh df pfsf pltx ivwc ihwsf pfieaf, ieh svfl AuTfAuxfXog hY ik ies mdd nUM Aus smyN dy iswKF dIaF BFvnfvF anukUl ikvyN smiJaf jf skdf hY? gLdr dy mOky lfhOr drbfr dIaF PLOjF nUM qoiVaF swq-awT sfl bIq cuwky sn. AuprMq, PLUlkIaF irafsqF qF mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG dy smyN qoN hI aMgryjLF dy nfl sn. gLdr vyly aMgryjLF dI PLOj ivwc iswK bhuq QoVHy sn. idwlI nUM dubfrf kbjLy ivwc lYx qoN bfad aMgryjLF ny pMjfb ivwc BrqI iPLr qoN sLurU kIqI. jUn 1858 qwk iswK PLOjIaF dI igxqI bysLwk 15,000 qwk ho geI sI.
gLdr smyN pMjfb dI siQqI bfkI dysL nfloN iblkul vwKrI sI. pMjfb ivwc aMgryjLF dI amldfrI qlvfr dy jLor AuWqy kfiem hoeI sI. aMgryjLF nUM Bfrq dy iksy hor ielfky ivwc eynIaF sKLq PLOjI twkrF df sfhmxf nhIN krnf ipaf sI aqy sLfh muhMmd dI ieh gwl awKr-awKr drusq sI ik “PLOjF ijwq ky aMq nUM hfrIaF” sn, kuJ gwdfrF dI vjHf kr ky aqy rxjIq isMG dy clfxf kr jfx kr ky. eIst ieMzIaf kMpnI dIaF ijnHF kfrgujLfrIaF kr ky gLdr hoieaf sI, pMjfb ivwc AuhnF df iewk vwKrf rUp sI.
jMg ivwc vwzIaF hfrF qoN bfad aqy BfeI mhfrfj isMG ijhy afgUaF qoN bgLYr ijhVy kYd kr ley gey sn, gLdr smyN pMjfb ivwc iksy qrHF dy ivdroh df pYdf hoxf AuNj vI asMBv sI. AuprMq, aMgryjLF ny 13 meI, 1857 dI svyr nUM hI lfhOr qy sLurU kr ky pMjfb dIaF sfrIaF CfAuxIaF ivwc PLOjIaF qoN acxcyq hiQafr rKvf ley sn. PLyr vI pMjfb ivwc keI QfvF AuWqy PLOjIaF ny ros pRgftvy kIqy aqy AuhnF dI sjLf vI BugqI. bysLwk ieh ihMdusqfnI PLOjI sn aqy iswKF dI igxqI iehnF ivwc Gwt sI. ieh qwQ gOlxXog hn: iPLrojLpur ivwc 45-vIN aqy 57-vIN rYjmYNt dy krmvfr 200 aqy 130 ispfhIaF ny hukm mMnx qoN ienkfr kIqf. pr ijhVy CfAuxI ivwcoN Bwj gey sn, AuhnF nUM aMgryjL PLOj ny iKMzf jF mfr idwqf. jlMDr ivwc 7 jUn nUM 36-vIN aqy 61-vIN rYjmYNt ny bgLfvq kIqI aqy iehnF dy bhuq sfry ispfhI luiDafxy ivwcoN huMdy hoey idwlI qwk phuMc gey. pysLfvr ivwc 51-vIN rjmYNt dI iewk kMpnI bfgLI ho geI. aMgryjL PLOj ny ies dy ispfhIaF nUM Gyr ky golI nfl Auzfieaf. hoqI mrdfn dI CfAuxI ivwc 55-vIN rYjmYNt ny, ijs ivwc iswK ispfhI vI sn, 22 meI nUM bgLfvq kIqI. aMgryjLF ny ies nUM Gyr ilaf aqy 100 qoN vwD ispfhIaF nUM golI nfl Auzfieaf. 20 igRPLqfr kr ley gey.
5 jUn 1857 nUM bnfrs ivwc inXukq iewk rYjmYNt dy iswKF ny bgLfvq kIqI. iswKF dI 23-vIN rYjmYNt ny mhU ivwc bgLfvq kUIqI. 12-vIN rYjmYNt dy pMjfbIaF ny vI bgLfvq kIqI. iehnF ivwcoN 21 iswKF nUM PFsI lfieaf igaf. julfeI 1858 ivwc mflvy ivwcoN BrqI kIqy gey iswK ispfhIaF ny zyrf iesmfeIl KLF ivwc bgLfvq kIqI.
Auprokq vyrvy srkfrI irportF ivwcoN ley gey hn. iehnF qoN AuprMq KLrl kbIly df ivdroh aqy kfilaF vfly KUh dI vfrqf Aus vkq pMjfb dIaF AuWGIaF GtnfvF hn. PLyr vI gLdr dI vfrqf df ieh pMjfb vflf kFz hr ivsQfr aqy pVqfl dI mMg krdf hY.
gLdr dI 150-vIN vrHygMZ dy mOky AuWqy iehnF axgOly pwKF vwl iDafn dyxf Auicq hovygf.