sLhId BfeI jgq isMG surisMG
– sohn isMG pUnI
 

mfJy dy msLhUr ipMz surisMG dy lok hmysLf lok-pwKI lihrF `c vD-cVHky ihwsf lYNdy rhy hn. gdr lihr ivwc vI ies ipMz dy lokF ny bVI aihm BUimkf inBfeI sI. surisMG dy lokF gdr lihr ƒ cflLI dy lg-pg gdrI idwqy sn. vYnkUvr df gdrI XoDf jgq isMG vI surisMG df hI jMm-plL sI. dysL dI vMz qoN pihlF surisMG lfhOr ijLlyH df ipMz huMdf sI. vMz vylLy surisMG aMimRqsr ijLlyH `c clf igaf sI qy awj-kwlH ieh nvyN bxy ijLlHy qrn qfrn `c pYNdf hY.
jgq isMG df jnm 1883 eI: ƒ iksfn pirvfr ivwc hoieaf. afp dI mfqf df nF gulfb kOr aqy ipqf df nF arUV isMG iZwloN sI. afp dI iewk BYx qy iewk Brf sI. Brf df nF Bgq isMG sI. Gr dI grIbI kfrn jgq isMG ƒ skUly pVHny nhIN sI pfieaf jf sikaf. surq sMBflidaF hI ieh afpxy bfp nflL KyqI dy kMm `c hwQ vtfAux lwg pey sn. sqfrF sfl dI Aumry jgq isMG df ivafh ho igaf. vIh sfl dI Aumry afp GoV-svfr POj `c BrqI ho gey. afp kuJ smF bfeIvIN kfvYlrI rjmYNt `c rhy. kuJ sflF bfad jgq isMG ny POj dI nOkrI Cwz idwqI qy Auh cIn cly gey. AuWQy sLMGfeI `c afp ny drbfn dI nOkrI kIqI. afp dy ipMz dy bhuq sfry bMdy knyzf amrIkf `c afey hoey sn. AunHF vwloN ByjIaF icwTIaF rfhIN afp ƒ pqf lwgf ik knyzf-amrIkf `c kmfeI bhuq hY. jgq isMG ny knyzf phuMcx df mn bxf ilaf. afp ny nOkrI Cwz idwqI aqy jhfjL PV ky vYnkUvr phuMc gey.
iewQy afp inAU vYstimnstr dI imwlsfeIz imwl ivwc nOkrI krn lwgy. ihMdusqfnIaF nflL afm goiraF vwloN ho rhy nslI iBMn-Byd kfrn aqy srkfr vwloN iemIgRysLn dy mfmilaF `c kIqy jFdy ivqkiraF kfrn afp bVy duKI huMdy sn. cInIaF jF jfpfnIaF nflL jd koeI Dwkf huMdf sI qF AunHF dIaF srkfrF AunHF dI ipwT qy af KVHdIaF sn pr ihMdusqfnIaF dI bfq puwCx vflLf koeI nhIN sI. afp ƒ afpxI gulfmI df aihsfs hoieaf. afp mihsUs krn lwgy ik afjLfdI qoN ibnF ihMdusqfnI ieWjLq-mfx dI ijLMdgI nhIN jIa skdy, nf dys aMdr nf dysoN bfhr. afp BfeI Bfg isMG aqy BfeI blvMq isMG vrgy kimAUintI lIzrF nflL rlLky vsyby dy hwkF leI aqy dys dI afjLfdI leI srgrmIaF krn lwgy.
hfpiknsn dI sLih `qy srkfr pRsq DVy dy bMdy hmysLf dysL Bgq DVy ƒ nuksfn phMucfAux dIaF koisLsLF krdy rihMdy sn. kfmfgftf mfrU dy iewQy hox smyN ienHF gwdfrF ny bhuq hI awq cuwkI hoeI sI. ies DVy dy hukmf isMG acrvfl ny 18 julfeI, 1914 ƒ dysL-Bgq DVy dy hrmn ipafry lIzr husYn rhIm AuWqy qlvfr nflL hmlf kIqf. pr rhIm df bcf ho igaf. 4 agsq, 1914 ƒ pihlf sMsfr XuwD sLurU hox `qy gdr pfrtI ny gdrIaF ƒ dysL jf ky gdr mcfAux df swdf dy idwqf. vYnkUvr dy gdrIaF dIaF srgrmIaF ƒ qfrpIzo krn leI srkfr-pRsq DVf gdrIaF dy hrmn ipafry lIzr BfeI Bfg isMG iBKIivMz ƒ kql krn dIaF ivAuNqF bxfAux lwgf. ies DVy dy hrnfm isMG ny bVI awq cuwkI hoeI sI. Auh srkfrI jfsUs bfbU isMG ilwqrF df dosq aqy rUmmyt sI. Auh kuJ smyN leI imwlsfeIz gurduafry df grMQI irhf sI. iPr Auh gurduafry `coN grMQI dI jOb Cwzky hfpiknsn dy muKbrF `c sLfml ho igaf sI. Aus ny iewk idn BfeI Bfg isMG ƒ gflLF kwZIaF qy DmkIaF idwqIaF. dysL-Bgq DVy ƒ mjbUrn ienHF dysL DrohIaF ƒ soDx df PYslf krnf ipaf. gdrI lIzrF vwloN lgfeI izAUtI anusfr BfeI jgq isMG 17 agsq, 1914 vflLy idn hrnfm isMG ƒ gwlIN bfqIN jMgl vwl lY gey qy AuWQy Aus dI alK mukf afey. puls ƒ hrnfm isMG dI lfsL 31 agsq ƒ lwBI. Aus dI GMzI vwZI hoeI sI aqy lfsL dy kolL sLrfb dI boql qy Ausqrf ipaf sI.
hrnfm isMG dI lfsL lwBx qoN agly idn pihlI sqMbr, 1914 ƒ jgq isMG ny ivktorIaf qoN ‘knyzf mfrU’ nF df jhfjL PiVaf qy dysL ƒ cly gey. BfvyN aMgryjL srkfr ny gdrIaF dy puwjx vflLIaF bMdrgfhF `qy nfky lfey hoey sn pr jgq isMG pMjfb puwjx `c kfmXfb ho gey.
gdrI ies afs nflL ihMdusqfn gey sn ik dysL dy lok aMgryjLF ivruwD lVfeI ivc AunHF df sfQ dyxgy. pr dysL dy lok qF kuMBkrnI nINdy suwqy pey sn. AunHF ivc isafsI cyqnf iblkul hI nhIN sI. Auh aMgryjL srkfr ƒ ‘mfeI bfp srkfr’ smJ rhy sn. ihMdusqfn dI kOmI pfrtI kFgrs df lIzr, sLFqI df dyvqf mhfqmf gFDI, sMsfr XuwD ivc aMgryjLF dI mdd kr irhf sI. Auh ihMdusqfn dy lokF ƒ aMgryjLI POj ivc BrqI hox leI afK irhf sI qy ihMdusqfn leI sMpUrn afjLfdI mMgx vfilLaF ƒ glq dws irhf sI. pMjfb dIaF iswK irafsqF dy rfjy aMgryjLF dI mdd kr rhy sn. pMjfbIaF dI lIzrisLp ihMdU, muslmfn qy iswK reIsF dy hwQ ivc sI, ijhVy ik aMgryjLF dy JolLIcuwk sn. ipMzF dy nMbrdfr, jLYldfr, sPYdposL, jgIrdfr qy ‘srdfr’ aMgryjLF dy bUt cwt rhy sn. Auh murwibaF dy lflc ivwc gdrIaF ƒ PVfAux leI kfhlLy sn. pMzq, muwlF aqy iswK pujfrI afpxy mMdrF, msIqF aqy gurduafiraF ivwc sLrDflUaF ƒ aMgryjL-pRsqI df pfT pVHf rhy sn. sMsfr jMg ivc aMgryjLF dI ijwq leI drbfr sfihb dy iswK pujfrI ardfsy kr rhy sn qy Auh gdrIaF ƒ ‘aiswK’ grdfnx leI iqafr bYTy sn. sB pfsy dusLmx hI dusLmx sn gdrIaF dy. pr gdrIaF hOslf nf hfiraf:

hr moV qy slIbF, hr pYr `qy hnyrf,
iPr vI asIN ruky nf, sfzf vI dyK jyrf. - zf[ jgqfr

bhuq sfry gdrI dysL puwjdy sfr hI igRPqfr kr ley gey sn. ies nflL pihlF bxfeI jQybMdI df ZFcf tuwt igaf. jgq isMG surisMG vrgy bfhr bcy gdrI lIzrF ƒ nvyN isirAuN jQybMdI KVHI krnI peI. vrkrF aqy lIzrF dIaF afpxy afpxy ielfky ivwc ijLlyHvfr izAUtIaF lgfeIaF geIaF ijs anusfr Auh bfhroN afey bMidaF ƒ GrIN jf ky imlLdy qy pfrtI vwloN Cfipaf hoieaf “aYlfin jMg” qy hor iltrycr pVHn ƒ idMdy. lfhOr ijLlyH `c ieh izAUtI jgq isMG surisMG qy AunHF dy sfQI pRym isMG surisMG dI lwgI. ienHF donF dy XqnF nflL surisMG gdrIaF df vwzf gVH bx igaf. jgq isMG qy pRym isMG qoN ibnF surisMG dy keI hor gdrI sn ijnHF ivwc kysr isMG, gMzf isMG, buwZf isMG, hrnfm isMG, mMgl isMG, sfDU isMG, guridq isMG, ieMdr isMG, jvMd isMG, kflLf isMG aqy ihMmq isMG dy nF Kfs qOr `qy vrnx Xog hn. surisMG dy ienHF gdrIaF df ielfky dy ipMzF ivwc dUr dUr qwk asr sI. kwkVF ivclf awzf vI ienHF dy asr hyT sI.
pMjfb puwjx qoN jldI bfad gdrIaF ƒ iewk aYksLn krnf pY igaf. akqUbr dy dUsry hPqy, iProjLpur-luiDafxf rylvy lfeIn `qy pYNdy, cOkI mfn stysLn AuWqy gdrIaF leI hiQafrF dI ibltI afAuxI sI. jd gdrI ibltI lYx gey qF awgy stysLn AuWqy puls df ispfhI KVHf sI. gdrIaF smiJaf ik stysLn mfstr ny AunHF ƒ PVfAux leI puls swdI hoeI hY. Auh puls ƒ vyKky vfps muV afey. gdrIaF ny stysLn mfstr ƒ muKbrI dI sjLf dyx df PYslf kIqf qy ies kMm leI BfeI jgq isMG surisMG dI izAUtI lgfeI. jgq isMG ny cMdf isMG vVfiec qy Gumfrf ipMz vflLy jIvn isMG ƒ nflL lY ky 16 akqUbr vflLy idn stysLn mfstr ƒ golLI jf mfrI.
ies vkq ihMdusqfn dI POjI hflq ieh sI ik bhuq sfrIaF POjF jMg ivwc ihwsf lYx leI imsr, mfltf, eIst aPrIkf, PrFs qy mYsopotfmIaF ƒ ByjIaF jf rhIaF sn. lVfeI dy pihly 6 mhIinaF dOrfn 80,000 gory aPsr qy ispfhI aqy 210,000 ihMdusqfnI aPsr qy ispfhI ihMdusqfn qoN bfhr lVfeI dy PrMt `qy Byjy jf cuwky sn. sfry ihMdusqfn ivc aMgryjL POjIaF dI igxqI isrP 15,000 hjLfr rih geI sI. bhuq sfry ihMdusqfnI POjI ihMdusqfn qoN bfhr jf ky qopF df Kfjf bxn nflLoN gdrIaF nflL rlL ky dysL dI afjLfdI leI sMGrsL krn ƒ ibhqr smJdy sn. gdrIaF ny iProjLpur CfAuxI `c qfienfq 26vIN pMjfb rjmYNt dy ispfhI aqy lfhOr dI mIaF mIr CfAuxI `c qfienfq 23vyN rsfly dy svfrF ƒ afpxy nflL gMZ ilaf sI. gdrIaF df plYn sI ik lfhOr aqy iProjLpur dIaF CfAuxIaF `qy hmlf krky mYgjLInF dI rfKI kr rhy gory POjIaF ƒ kfbU kr ilaf jfvy aqy Pyr nflL rlLy hoey ihMdusqfnI POjIaF dI mdd nflL ienHF donF POjI CfAuxIaF `qy kbjLf kr ilaf jfvy. ienHF donF CfAuxIaF `coN luwty hoey hiQafrF aqy nflL rlLIaF dysI POjF dI mdd nflL iek kOmI gdrI POj bx jfxI sI. ies qoN bfad dysL dIaF hor POjI CfAuxIaF `c gdrIaF nflL rlLIaF hoeIaF dysI POjF leI gdr krnf qy gdrI POj nflL imlLnf sOKf ho jfxf sI. Pyr ies gdrI POj qy gdr dy jLor sfry ihMdusqfn `coN goiraF df sPfieaf kr idwqf jfxf sI.
dohF POjI CfAuxIaF AuWqy hmly dI skIm leI kMm dI vMz kIqI geI. PYslf hoieaf ik ibafs qoN AuWprly, aMimRqsr aqy lfhOr ijLilHaF dy gdrI lfhOr dI mIaF mIr CfAuxI aqy duafby aqy mflvy dy gdrI iProjLpur CfAuxI `qy hmlf krn leI kMm krn. sfrI skIm ƒ nypry cfVHn leI kyNdrI kmytI sQfipq kIqI geI. 26 nvMbr, 1914 dI rfq hmly leI imQI geI. mfJy dy 50-60 gdrI aMimRqsr ijLlHy `c JfV sfihb iekwTy hoey. BfeI jgq isMG surisMG afpxy ipMzoN BfeI prym isMG, BfeI ieMdr isMG, BfeI buwZf isMG, gMzf isMG, mMgl isMG, kysr isMG qy sfDU isMG ƒ nflL lY ky AuWQy puwjy. pr qyeIvyN rsfly dy grMQI mUlLf isMG ny afpxf rsUK vrq ky svfrF ƒ bfhr jf ky gdrIaF nflL imlLnoN rok ilaf. JfV sfihb iekwTy hoey gdrI mIaF mIr CfAuxI `qy hmlf nf kr sky. EDr iProjLpur CfAuxI `qy hmly dI skIm vI mulqvI krnI peI.
BfeI jgq isMG, krqfr isMG srfBf qy dUsry gdrI lIzr pMjfb ivc ‘gdr’ aKbfr vrgf koeI aKbfr sLurU krnf cfhuMdy sn. ies kMm leI 19 nvMbr, 1914 ƒ bwdovfl-mulFpur hoeI mIitMg ivc jgq isMG ny afpxI jLmIn gihxy Dr ky pfrtI ƒ pYsy dyx dI pysLksL kIqI.
ihMdusqfn jfx vflLy gdrIaF ƒ Brosf idvfieaf igaf sI ik dysL phuMcx `qy AunHF ƒ hiQafr aqy pYsy puwjdy kIqy jfxgy. pr bfhroN hiQafr aqy pYsy nf puwjy. gdrI pYsy dI bVI Gft mihsUs kr rhy sn. nf cfhuMidaF hoieaF vI gdrIaF ƒ isafsI zfky mfrn df PYslf krnf ipaf. gdrIaF vwloN sB qoN pihlf zfkf 23 jnvrI, 1915 ƒ sfnyHvfl (ijLlfH luiDafxf) ivwc mfiraf igaf. dUsrf zfkf 27 jnvrI ƒ mnsUrF ipMz ivwc mfiraf igaf. jgq isMG ienHF donF zfikaF ivwc sLfml sI. jgq isMG qy AunHF dy sfQIaF ny 2 PrvrI, 1915 dI rfq ƒ aMimRqsr nyVy cwby ipMz `c zfkf mfiraf. gdrIaF ƒ iewQy bMb qy ipsqOlL vrqxy pey. Gr df mflk bylI rfm mfiraf igaf. ies zfky `c hwQ afieaf pYsf gdr pfrtI dy hYWzkuaftr aMimRqsr Byj idwqf igaf.
gdr pfrtI dy lIzrF kolL qjrby dI Gft sI. ies kfrn Auh gdr pfrtI df koeI hYWzkuaftr nhIN sI sQfipq kr sky. qjrby dI Gft ƒ vyKidaF gdrIaF ny bMgflI ienklfbIaF nflL sMbMD pYdf kIqy. bMgflI ienklfbI sicMdr nfQ sfinafl ny nvMbr 1914 dy afKr `qy pMjfb af ky hflfq df jfiejLf ilaf. lfhOr ivwc gdr pfrtI df hYWzkuaftr sQfipq kr ilaf igaf. pRiswD bMgflI ienklfbI rfs ibhfrI bos ny jnvrI 1915 dy afKr `qy pMjfb phuMc ky gdr pfrtI dI kmFz sMBfl leI. gdr pfrtI ny vwK vwK pfisaF qoN afeIaF irportF dy afDfr `qy 12 PrvrI, 1915 ƒ PYslf kIqf ik 21 PrvrI ƒ gdr mcf idwqf jfvy. gdr pfrtI dy lIzrF ny rfs ibhfrI bos nflL slfh-msLvrf krn leI 14 PrvrI, 1915 ƒ lfhOr mocI gyt ikrfey `qy ley mkfn `c mIitMg kIqI. jgq isMG surisMG, krqfr isMG srfBf, ivsLƒ gxysL ipMgly, inDfn isMG cuwGf, hrnfm isMG tuMzIlft aqy zfktr mQrf isMG vrgy bhuq sfry gdrI lIzr ies mIitMg ivwc sLfml hoey. sB dIaF vWK vWK kMmF leI izAUtIaF lgfeIaF geIaF. afpxI izAUtI muqfbk jgq isMG afpxy ipMz surisMG qoN 21 PrvrI dy gdr leI bMdy lYx cly gey. muKbr ikrpfl isMG vwloN Byd KolH idwqy jfx kfrn gdrIaF ny gdr dI qRIk 21 PrvrI qoN 19 PrvrI kr leI. srkfr ƒ ies df vI pqf lwg igaf. lfhOr aqy iProjLpur dIaF CfAuxIaF `c gdrIaF nflL imlLIaF dysI POjF qoN hiQafr rKvf ley gey. BfeI jgq isMG afpxy bMidaF ƒ nflL lY ky imQy smyN qy lfhOr CfAuxI dy bfhr rylvy lfeIn `qyy puwjy qF AunHF qyeIvyN rsfly ƒ goiraF dy pihry hyT mYdfn `c lfeIn bwDI KVHy vyiKaf. iProjLpur dI CfAuxI `c vI dysI POjF ƒ byhiQafry krky AunHF `qy krVI njLr rwKI jf rhI sI.
Byd KuwlH jfx krky gdr PylH ho igaf. gdrIaF dI PVo PVI sLurU ho geI. bhuq sfry gdrI pkVy gey. 19 PrvrI dI svyr ƒ lfhOr `c gdrIaF dy hYWz kvfrtr `qyy pey Cfpy `c jgq isMG dy afpxy ipMz surisMG dy ivdysLF qoN gey iqNMn gdrI guridwq isMG, jvMd isMG qy kflLf isMG pkVy gey. lfhOr ivwc puls afdm bo, afdm bo krdI iPrdI sI pr BfeI jgq isMG puls dy hWQ nf afey. krqfr isMG srfBf qy hrnfm isMG tuMzIlft vI igRPqfrI qoN bc gey sn. ienHF iqMnF gdrIaF ny srhwdI sUby vwl inklL jfx dI slfh bxfeI. lfhOr qoN 21 PrvrI dI rfq ƒ gwzI PVky ieh iqMny gdrI lfielpur puwjyy. AuWQy hrcMd isMG lfielpurI qoN sO rupey lY ky ieh srhwd vwl cly gey. jdoN afp ipsLfvr qoN awgy srhwd lfgy imcnI puwjy qF afp ƒ pqf lgf ik aPgfinsqfn dy hfkm amIr hbIbAulf ny ihMdusqfn qoN nwT ky gey ‘ihjrqI ividafrQIaF’ ƒ, ihMdusqfn dI aMgryjL srkfr qoN zridaF, igRPqfr krky jylHIN bMd kr idwqf hY. jgq isMG hurF ƒ kfbl srkfr qoN mdd dI afs jFdI rhI. krqfr isMG srfBf gdrI kivwqf, “bxI isr sLyrF dy kI jfxf Bwj ky”, gux guxfAux lwg ipaf. ies `qy iqMnF gdrIaF ny vfps muVn aqy lVfeI jfrI rwKx df PYslf kr ilaf.
ipsLfvr qoN vfps af ky iqMny gdrI srgoDy dI bfr `c cwk nMbr pMj ivwc jgq isMG dy dosq rfijMdr isMG kolL af gey. iewQy bfeIvIN kvYlrI leI GoVy pflLy jFdy sI. knyzf jfx qoN pihlF jgq isMG afp vI bfeIvIN kvYlrI `c nOkrI krdf irhf sI. POjI rfijMdr isMG ny jgq isMG ƒ gdr vfsqy bMdUkF dyx df lfrf lfieaf hoieaf sI. jgq isMG hurF df AuWQy afAux df mksd Auh bMdUkF lY ky jfxf qy bfeIvIN kvYlrI dy juafnF ƒ gdr pfrtI nflL joVn df sI. rfijMdr isMG ny awgy rsfldfr gMzf isMG gMzIivMz ƒ dwisaf hoieaf sI ik jgq isMG ny iksy nf iksy idn AuWQy afAuxf hY. rsfldfr gMzf isMG ny ies dI ieqlfh afpxy sI[ E[ qy srgoDy dy puls kpqfn ƒ idwqI hoeI sI. gdrIaF dy afAux dI Kbr imlLn `qy rsfldfr gMzf isMG ny puls mMgvf leI. puls ny mkfn ƒ Gyrf pf ilaf. Aus vkq mkfn dy ivhVy `c mMjy `qy bYTf krqfr isMG srfBf afpxy duaflLy iekwTy hoey lokF ƒ gdr dI gUMj `coN kivqfvF pVH ky suxf irhf sI. puls ny jgq isMG surisMG, krqfr isMG srfBf qy hrnfm isMG tuMzIlft ƒ igRPqfr kr ilaf. qlfsLI lYx `qy pulLs ƒ jgq isMG kolLoN gdr dI gUMj dI kfpI imlLI. jgq isMG hurF ƒ igRPqfr krn vflLy pulLs sb-ieMspYktr sdr dIn muqfbk igRPqfrI vylLy ienHF iqMnF gdrIaF ny lokF ƒ BfsLx dyxf sLurU kr idwqf ky AunHF ƒ aMgryjLF ivruwD hiQafr cuwkxy cfhIdy hn.
jMg df smF hox kr ky srkfr POjI BrqI dy gVH vflLy sUby pMjfb ivwc iswKF ƒ nrfjL nhIN sI krnf cfhuMdI. ies leI gdr lihr ƒ kuclx lwigaF, iswKF dI aMgryjLF leI vPfdfrI bxfeI rwKx leI, pMjfb dy lYPtInYNt gvrnr mfeIkl Ezvfier ny 27 PrvrI, 1915 ƒ ‘gvrnmYNt hfAUs lfhOr’ ivwc iswK srdfrF dI mIitMg swdI. ies mIitMg ivwc Auzvfier ny gdr lihr ƒ sKqI nflL dbfAux leI iswK srdfrF qoN mdd mMgI. iswK srdfrF ny iewk dUjy qoN awgy ho ho, Ezvfier ƒ Brosf dvfieaf ik aMgryjL rfj dI syvf krnI Auh afpxI KusLiksmqI smJdy hn. AunHF Ezvfier ƒ XkIn duafieaf ik Auh aMgryjL srkfr ƒ sihXog dyxgy qy gdrIaF ƒ pkVfAux leI afpxf asr-rsUK vrqxgy. gdrIaF nflL inptx leI iswK srdfr Ezvfier nflLoN vI ijLafdf sKqI krn dy hwk `c sn. ivdysLF qoN hux qwk afey 3200 bMidaF `coN srkfr ny 200 bMdy jylHF ivwc aqy 700 bMdy ipMzF `c jUh-bMd kIqy sn. pr iswK-srdfrF ny bysLrmI dIaF sB hwdF pfr kridaF Ezvfier ƒ slfh idwqI ik ivdysLF qoN afey sfry dy sfry bMdy arQfq 3200 bMdy hI jylHF `c bMd kr dyxy cfhIdy hn. srdfr bhfdr gwjx isMG gryvfl ny, ijhVy ik proivMsLIal lYijslyitv kONsl dy mYNbr aqy Kud vkIl sn, Ezvfier ƒ slfh idwqI ik gdrIaF nflL nijwTx `c iZwl krn df lokF `qy BYVf asr pvygf. ies leI gdrIaF ivruwD afm adflqF `c mukwdmy clfAux dI QF ‘smrI trfiel’ hoxy cfhIdy hn. bfkI iswK srdfrF ny gwjx isMG dI gwl dI proVHqf kIqI.
iswK srdfrF rfhIN iswKF dI vPfdfrI XkInI bxf ky Ezvfier ny gdrIaF pRqI hor vI sKq pflsI apxfeI. gwjx isMG dI dlIl vrqidaF Ezvfier ny vfiesrfey lfrz hfrizMg kolLoN ‘zIPYNs afP ieMzIaf aYkt’ pfs krvf ilaf. gdrIaF ƒ kuclx leI Auzvfier kolL hux qfnfsLfhI sLkqIaF sn. hux qwk PVy sB gdrI lfhOr sYNtrl jylH `c iekwTy kIqy gey. ‘zIPYNs afP ieMzIaf aYkt’ aDIn 82 gdrIaF AuWqy mukwdmf clfieaf igaf. jgq isMG surisMG smyq 64 gdrI mukwdmy `c hfjLr sn jd ik 18 mPrUr krfr idwqy gey. mPrUr krfr idwqy gdrIaF `c vYnkUvroN gey jvMd isMG nMgl klF, bIr isMG bfhovfl aqy AuWqm isMG hFs vI sn. ‘lfhOr sfijsL kys’ nF df ieh bdnfm mukwdmf lfhOr sYNtrl jylH ivwc 26 apRYl, 1915 qoN 13 sqMbr 1915 qk cwilaf.
ies mukwdmy leI spYsLl bMdobsq kIqy gey sn. jylH dy drvfjLyy AuWqy, jylH dy aMdr ivhVy ivwc aqy CwqF AuWqy puls dy spYsLl gfrz bMdUkF qfxI KVHy sn. cfry pfsy sI[ afeI[ zI[ dy bMdy GuMm rhy sn. koeI vI bMdf aMdr jf ky mukwdmy dI kfrvfeI nhIN sI vyK skdf, ijnHF AuWqy mukwdmf cwl irhf sI AunHF dy irsLqydfr vI nhIN. pRYWs vflLy mukwdmy dI kfrvfeI bfry irport nhIN sI ilK skdy. ijhVIaF irportF aKbfrF `c CpdIaF sn Auh srkfrI irportF hI huMdIaF sn. jgq isMG hurF AuWqy dosL sI ik AunHF ny ihMdusqfn dI brqfnvI hkUmq df qKqf Aultfa ky ihMdusqfnIaF dI afpxI srkfr bxfAux dI sfijLsL GVI hY qy ies sfijLsL ƒ isry cfVHn leI AunHF POj dy ihMdusqfnI ispfhIaF ƒ vrglfieaf qy bgfvq leI Auksfieaf hY. AunHF AuWqy ieh vI dosL sI ik AunHF ny ies sfijLsL ƒ isry cfVHn leI zfky mfr ky pYsy aqy hiQafr iekwTy krn dI koisLsL kIqI hY, gdrI sfihq Cfipaf qy vMizaf hY, AunHF dy rfh `c aiVwkf bxn vflLy pulsIaF jF dUjy aPsrF dy kql kIqy hn aqy rylvy lfeInF aqy pulLF ƒ AuzfAux dy Xqn kIqy hn.
mukwdmy dI suxvfeI srkfr vwloN nfmjLd kIqy iqMn jwjF dy spYsLl itRibAUnl kolL ho rhI sI. ‘zIPYNs afP ieMzIaf aYkt’ dy aDIn ies spYsLl itRibAUnl ƒ bymuhfrIaF sLkqIaF idwqIaF geIaF sn. itRibAUnl df PYslf hI afKrI PYslf hoxf sI. ies dy PYsly ivruwD iksy vI adflq ivc apIl nhIN sI kIqI jf skdI. iksy vI ‘aQOrtI’ kolL kfƒnI aiDkfr nhIN sI ik Auh itRibAUnl vwloN idwqy PYsly dI muV jFc kr sky; nf Aus dy kfƒnI pwK bfry, nf qwQF bfry aqy nf hI sjLf dy vfjb jF nfvfjb hox bfry. isrP vfiesrfey lfrz hfrizMg kolL itRibAUnl dy PYsilaF `c dKl aMdfjLI krn jF apIl suxn df hwk sI.
itRibAUnl dy jwjF ny PYslf idMidaF BfeI jgq isMG surisMG smyq 24 gdrIaF ƒ PFsI dI sjLf suxfeI. 27 gdrIaF ƒ Aumr kYd aqy 6 ƒ Aumr kYd qoN Gwt sjLfvF hoeIaF. ienHF sjLfvF ivruwD sfry mulk `c hfhfkfr mwc geI. Auh gdrI ijnHF ihMdusqfn dI DrqI `qy af ky kuJ kIqf hI nhIN sI, sgoN jhfjLF `coN bfhr inklLdy hI igRPqfr kr ley gey sI, AunHF ƒ PFsI dI sjLf dyxI jLulm dI ieMqhf sI. vfiesrfey lfrz hfrizMg vI Gbrf igaf. mfeIkl Ezvfier ƒ ibnF dwsy, lfrz hfrizMg Kud lfhOr phuMcf. drasl, lfrz hfrizMg ƒ Aus dy kfƒnI slfhkfrF ny ieh gwl smJfeI sI ik ijnHF cOvI dosLIaF ƒ PFsI dI sjLf suxfeI geI hY AunHF `coN isrP 6 dosLI hI ies sjLf dy hwkdfr sn, ijnHF ny kql kIqy sn jF zfky mfry sn, qy bfkI dy 18 gdrIaF ƒ spYsLl itRibAUnl ny ieMzIan pInl koz dI ijs Dfrf aDIn dosLI Tihrfieaf sI, Aus Dfrf aDIn AunHF ƒ PFsI dI sjLf nhIN sI idwqI jf skdI. klkwqy dy vkIlF ƒ spYsLl itRibAUnl kolLoN hoeI ies glqI df pqf sI. jy ienHF 18 gdrIaF ƒ PFsI dI sjLf dy idwqI jFdI qF klkwqy dy vkIl ihMd srkfr ƒ lokF `c bdnfm krn qy spYsLl itRibAUnl ivruwD aYjItysLn sLurU krn leI iqafr bYTy sn. pr vfiesrfey lfrz hfrizMg ny mOky isr dKl-aMdfjLI krky srkfr ƒ ksUqI siQqI `c PsxoN bcf ilaf sI. lfrz hfrizMg anusfr Aus ny pMjfb dy lYPtInYNt gvrnr mfeIkl Ezvfier dI pRvfh nf kridaF, 24 gdrIaF `coN 18 dI PFsI dI sjLf bdl ky Aumr kYd kr idwqI sI. (drasl, 17 gdrIaF dI PFsI qoVI geI sI). pr BfeI jgq isMG AunHF gdrIaF `coN sn, ijnHF dI PFsI dI sjLf brkrfr rwKI geI sI.
vYnkUvr dy sUrbIr gdrI BfeI jgq isMG surisMG ƒ AunHF dy 6 sfQIaF; krqfr isMG srfBf, ivsLƒ gxysL ipMgly, hrnfm isMG BwtI gorfieaf aqy iglvflLI dy iqMn gdrIaF, bKsLIsL isMG, surYx isMG Cotf, surYx isMG vwzf smyq 16 nvMbr, 1915 ƒ lfhOr sYNtrl jylH `c PFsI lf ky sLhId kr idwqf igaf.
BfeI jgq isMG hurF dI sLhIdI qoN keI sfl bfad, sLhId Bgq isMG ny ienHF gdrI XoiDaF bfry iliKaf sI, “[[[hnyrI vFg Auh iek dm ikiqEN afey, awg BVkfeI qy supinaF `c peI rxcMzI ƒ jgfAux dI koissL kIqI. bgfvq df Xwg ricaf, aqy afKr Auh afp Kud ies ivc Bsm ho gey. Auh kI sn, iks dunIaF qoN acfnk afey, aqy Jwt ikwDr cly gey, asIN kuJ vI nf jfx sky.[[[aYnI juraq, aYnf afqm-ivsLvfsL, aYnf afqm-iqafg aqy aYnI lgn bhuq Gwt dyKx ƒ imlygI.[[[AunHF dI rg rg ivc ienklfb df jjLbf smfieaf hoieaf sI[[[.”

(lyKk dI nvIN CpI pusqk, ‘knyzf dy gLdrI XoDy’ ivco)
lyKk dI knyzf dy sLihr srI `c rihMdy ipMz surisMG dy sUrjjIq isMG sMDU nflL ieMtrivAU, 15 mfrc 2001[
dysL Bgq XfdF, jlMDr, jnvrI 1964[
AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc af ky vsx vflLf sB qoN pihlf pMjfbI, bKsLIsL isMG iZwloN, surisMG df hI sI. Auh 1899 `c sfnPrFissko phuMcf sI.
Kesar Singh, Canadian Sikhs, p. 167.
J. C. Kerr, Political Trouble In India, 1907-17, p. 247-48.
Durant Will, The Case for India (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1930), p. 71.
Isemonger and Slattery, An Account of The Ghadr Conspiracy 1913-15, pp. 76-77; dyS Bgq XwdW, jnvrI 1964.
Lord Hardinge of Penshurst, My Indian Years 1910-1916 (London: John Murray, 1948), p. 102.
Malwinder Jit Singh and Harinder Singh (eds.), War Against King Emperor, Ghadr of 1914-15: A Verdict by Special Tribunal (Ludhiana: Bhai Sahib Randhir Singh Trust, 2001), p. 27.
Lahore Conspiracy Case, Judgement, 13 September 1915, Individual Case of Jagat Singh, accused no 32.
gdrIaF nflL gdfrI krn bdly ikrpfl isMG ƒ aMgryjL srkfr ny mulqfn ijLlHy ivwc pMj murwby jLmIn dy bKsLy sn. murwibaF ivckfr Auhny bVf vwzf mkfn pfieaf hoieaf sI. dysL BgqF qoN zridaF Auh isaflF ƒ kuMzy lf ky aMdr, qy grmIaF ƒ cubfry dI Cwq `qy sONieaF krdf sI. ahfqy ivwc bqKF qy kuwqy rWKy hoey sI. pr gdrI BfeI jvflf isMG TwTIaF ny ikrpfl isMG ƒ soDx dI izAUtI afpxy jylH ivcly iek imwqr dI lgf idwqI sI. BfeI jvflf isMG df ieh imwqr ikrpfl isMG dy `cwk’ grMQI bx ky rihx lwg ipaf sI. ieh ‘grMQI’ ikrpfl isMG dy Gr rotI lYx dy bhfny jfieaf krdf sI qy hOlLI hOlLI Auhny bqKF qy kwuiqaF nflL sFJ pf leI sI. 29 jUn, 1933 dI rfq ƒ nf bqKF bolIaF qy nf kuwqy BONky. ikrpfl isMG ƒ soDx afey ‘grMQI’ ny dfixaF nflL bwqKF, qy mIt nflL kuwqy vws ivwc kr ley sn. awT Puwt dI pOVI lf ky Auh pihlI mMjLl AuWqy qy Pyr cubfry `qy jf ciVHaf sI. ikrpfn dy iewko vfr nflL ikrpfl isMG df isr DV nflLoN alwg krky Auh arfm nflL bfhr af igaf sI. awj qIkr iksy ƒ ieh pqf nhIN lwg sikaf ik ieh ‘grMQI’ kOx sI.
ieMglYNz ivruwD cwl rhI lVfeI ivc qurkI dI mdd leI ihMdusqfn `coN bhuq sfry muslmfn nOjvfn aPgfinsqfn gey sn. ienHF ivc lfhOr, rfvlipMzI aqy ipsLfvr afid sLihrF qoN qIh dy krIb ividafrQI sn. aPgfinsqfn dI aMgryjL-pwKI srkfr ny ienHF nflL cMgf vrqfAu nhIN sI kIqf. bfad ivc ienHF `coN bhuq sfry rUs ƒ cly gey sn, ijwQy Auh kimAUinst bx gey sn. pMjfb dy kimAUinst lIzr PIrojLdIn mnsUr, PjLl ielfhI kurbfn, sLOkq AusmfnI aqy abduwl mjId ienHF ihjrqI ividafrQIaF ivcoN hI sn.
Lahore Conspiracy Case Judgement, 13 Sep. 1915, Pt. 3, The History of the Conspiracy and War, p. 107..
Isemonger & J. Slattery, An Account Of The Ghadr Conspiracy 1913-15, p. 73. (According to Michael O’Dwyer this meeting took place in the beginning of March, 1915, India As I Knew It 1885-1925, p. 204).
Sir Michael O’Dwyer, India As I Knew It 1885-1925, 3rd ed. (London: Constable & Company Ltd, 1926), p. 204.
Isemonger and Slattery, An Account Of The Ghadr Conspiracy 1913-15, pp. 75-76. (nfrMgvfl df gwjx isMG gryvfl aMgryjL rfj df vwzf KYr-Kuafh sI. luiDafxy sLihr `c Aus dI smfD bxfeI geI sI jo awj vI bVI sLfn nfl KVHI gdrIaF df mfKOl Auzf rhI hY. gwjx isMG dI ieh smfD luiDafxy qoN iProjLpur ƒ jFdI jI[ tI[ roz `qy, Bfrq ngr dy cOk qoN pwCm vwl QoVHI dUr jf ky, sVk dy dwKx vflLy pfsy kuJ gjLF dy Pfsly `qy hY.
Lord Hardinge of Penshurst, My Indian Years 1910-1916, p. 130.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Malwinder Jit Singh and Harinder Singh (Eds.), War Against King Emperor: Ghadr of 1914-15, pp. 412-425[
srI `c rihMdy ipMz surisMG dy sUrjjIq isMG sMDU ny 15 mfrc 2001 ƒ ieMtrivAU dOrfn lyKk ƒ dwisaf ik BfeI jgq isMG dI sLhIdI qoN bfad ienHF dI pqnI ny bVy duwK AuTfey sI. ‘brbfdI’ hoeI sI Aus dI. ‘brbfdI’. lgdI vfilLaF dy hwQoN.
jgmohn isMG (sMpf[), sLhId Bgq isMG aqy AuhnF dy sfQIaF dIaF ilKqF (kUhlI klF, drsLn isMG, 1985), pMnf 59[

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