afE kMipAUtr iswKIey
- ikrpfl isMG pMnUM
 

(ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ijwQy bhuq hI imlxsfr, inwGf, Érf, swcf, dUijaF dy kMm afAux dy cfa nfl nwko-nwk Biraf diraf idl iensfn hY EQy Auh sÉq imhnqI aqy kmfl dy isrVH df mflk vI hY. Aus ivwc nvF iswKx aqy isrjx dI zuwlH zuwlH pYNdI lgn vI hY. iesy lgn ivcoN hI Ausny ipCly lgBg zyZ dhfky dI imhnq nfl kMipAUtr dy Éyqr ivwc nvyN rfh qlfÈx leI Xqn arMBy hn aqy ies ivwc sÌlqf vI pRfpq kIqI hY. ies Éyqr ivwc sB qoN vDyry qy vwzI dyx hY Aus vwloN ÈfhmuKI qy gurmuKI PONtF df qbfdlf krn dI ivDI nUM lwBxf aqy ies pfsy nvIN Koj leI afDfr iqafr krnf. huxy hI Ausny ‘buwZy qoiqaF nUM kMipAUtr isKfAux leI’ pMjfbI ivwc iewk pusqk ilKI hY, ‘afE kMipAUtr iswKIey’. ies pusqk ivwc bVI hI muhfrq nfl Ausny asloN hI axjfx kMipAUtr isiKafrQIaF dI sOKy qy srl aMdfË ivwc agvfeI kIqI hY. Ausdf ivÈvfs hY ik jy Aus vrgf kMipAUtr qoN asloN axjfx ivakqI kMipAUtr iswK aqy ies ivwc nvF isrj skdf hY qF dUjy lok Blf ikAuN nhIN iswK skdy! asl ivwc aijhf afK ky Auh hryk bMdy ivwc nvF iswK skx dI lukI smrwQf ivwc AuhnF df ivÈvfs bMnHfAuNdf hY.
asIN AuhnF dI pusqk nUM lVIvfr Cfpx df ÌYslf kIqf hY. AumId hY ‘sIrq’ dy kMipAUtr dy nvyN isiKafrQI ies qoN ËrUr lfB AuTfAuxgy-sMpfdk)

3[ sMKyp (Èfrt kwt) kIaF
afpxI ienpuwt krn vyÜy kMipAUtr nUM keI kmFzF dyxIaF huMdIaF hn. ajyhf krn leI sfnUM keI vyr mfAUs dI vrqoN krnI pYNdI hY. iewk qF kIa borz nUM Cwz ky mfAUs AuWqy jfx leI ivÈyÈ qrwdd krnf pYNdf hY dUsrf bhuqI vyr ieh kfrj lMbf vI ho jFdf hY. aKfx hY, ‘jor nfÜoN jugq BlI’ iPr ikAuN nf koeI aijhI ivDI apnfeI jfey ijs nfÜ kMm sOKf vI ho jfvy aqy CyqI vI. kMipAUtr qF hY hI smyN aqy smrwQf dI bwcq leI. so ieh ivDI hY sMKyp kIaF dI vrqoN.
jfxkfr vrqoNkfr bhuq sfrIaF kmFzF, lwg pwg loVINdIaF afpxIaF sfrIaF kmFzF hI Èfrt kwt kIaF nfÜ joV skdf hY. jdoN ik kMipAUtr ivwc vrqoNkfr dy hwQ ivwc afpxI iewCf anusfr kMipAUtr nUM Zfl lYx dI cfbI idwqI hoeI hY, ijsnUM kstomfeIjyÈn kihMdy hn. qusIN vI kihMdy khfAuNdy jfxkfr vrqoNkfr bx skdy ho. ies leI kyvl quhfzy isdk aqy iewCf dI loV hY.
afpxy sfPt vyar ivwc bhuq sfrIaF ZukvINaF Èfrt kwt kIaF progrfmrF ny pihloN hI pfeIaF hoeIaF hn. ies kfrj nUM bfeI zIPflt kihMdy hn. AunHF ivwcoN afm hI vrqIaF jfx vfÜIaF kuwJ ku Èfrt kwt kIaF ies prkfr hn:
nvIN PfeIl Kohlxf = kMtrOl + aYWn
purfxI PfeIl Kohlxf = kMtrOl + E
PfeIl syv krnf = kMtrOl + aYWs
pirMt krnf = kMtrOl + pI
islYkt afl krnf = kMtrOl + ey
kfpI krnf = kMtrOl + sI
kwt krnf = kMtrOl + aYks
pyst krnf = kMtrOl + vI
an zU krnf = kMtrOl + ËYWz
rI zU krnf = kMtrOl + vfeI
PFeINz krnf= kMtrOl + aYWP
go tU krnf = kMtrOl + jI
PFeINz aYNz rIplys krnf = kMtrOl + aYWc
Kwby alfeInmYSt krnf = kMtrOl + aYWl
swjy alfeInmYSt krnf = kMtrOl + afr
sYStr alfeInmYSt krnf = kMtrOl + eI
jstIPfeIz krnf = kMtrOl + jy
ietYilks krnf = kMtrOl + afeI
bolz krnf = kMtrOl + bI
aMzr lfeIn krnf = kMtrOl + XU
spYilMg aYNz grfmr krnf = aYWP 7
rIsrc krnf = aflt + kilwk
nfrml ivAU krnf = kMtrOl + aflt + aYWn
mYkroË krnf = iÈPt + aYWP 7[
ienHF sMKyp ivDI kIaF nUM Xfd rwKxf bhuq hI sOKf hY. ikAuNik ieh vrqoNkfr muKI hn. ijvyN kfpI krnf = kMtrOl + sI aqy kwt krnf + kMtrOl + kftf Bfv aYks. ienHF nUM Xfd rwKx dI iewk ieh vI ivDI hY ik ienHF sMKyp ivDI kIaF nUM motf ijhf pirMt kr ky afpxy kMm sQfn dy koÜ kMD AuWqy ltkf ilaf jfvy. jy iksy ivDI nUM lMmy smyN leI nf vriqaf jfvy qF sdf hI Aus dy Buwl jfx dI sMBfvnf bxI rihMdI hY. ieh iewk suBfvk kfrj hY. ies Buwlx ikiraf leI afpxI Xfd ÈkqI nUM ksUrvfr nf Tihrfieaf jfey. sgoN sbMDq lMmy mfrgF AuWqy jf ky Aus nUM iPr Xfd kr ilaf jfvy. ienHF sMKyp-ivDI kIaF nUM vrqoNkfr muKI bnfAux leI Aus kfrj dy btn dy aMdr hI pf idwqf igaf hY. mMn lvo ik sfnUM rIplys krn dI sMKyp kIa Buwl geI hY. aYizt ivwc jf ky dyKo, rIplys dy sfhmxy kMtrOl + aYWc iliKaf hoieaf hY. ieho ies dI sMKyp kIa hY. iesy qrHF qusIN sfrIaF sMKyp kIaF dyK skdy ho aqy cfho qF ilK skdy ho.
kI loV anusfr vrqoNkfr afp ieh sMKyp kIaF vI bxf Bfv kstomfeIj kr skdf hY? jI hF ËrUr kr skdf hY. muwK qOr AuWqy ies dIaF do ivDIaF hn. pihlI ivDI: kIa borz qoN bfhrly awKrF jF isMblF nUM pfAux leI sMKyp kIa pfAux dI ivDI. iksy vI PONt dy jo isMbl asIN iswDy kIa borz nfÜ nhIN pf skdy ijnHF df koz nMbr 127 qoN lY ky 256 qIkr hY, Auh sMKyp kIaF nfÜ pf skdy hF. bhuq sfry vrqoNkfrF ny afeI nYWt kMipAUtr vfiÜaF koÜoN kIaF AuWqy pMjfbI awKr pfey hoey, df kIa borz prfpq kIqf hoieaf hY. Aus AuWqy jo iqMn nMbr AuWqy isMbl hn Auh sfry dy sfry sMKyp kIaF nfÜ pfey jf skdy hn. Aus leI ivDI ies prkfr hY: iensrt > isMbl > isMblj > PONt sUcI iKwc btn > iewCk PFt kilwk > loVINdf isMbl jF awKr kilwk qy nIlf rMg > Qwly Èfrt kwt kIa > prYWs inAU Èfrt kwt kIa (aflt + sI) > asfeINz tU jy af jfvy qF koeI hor ZukvIN kI dwbo ijvyN (aflt + ky) > nft asfeINz hovy qF asfeIn dwbo > kloj > kYSsl. ies qrHF quhfzI nvIN sMKyp kI bx jfeygI. kMm iswKx leI kQn hY, ‘hwQIN kMm krnf, gurUaF df vI gurU hY’. so afp aiBafs kr ky ies kfrj dIaF hor brIkIaF nfÜ, jo svY-vrxq hn, afp anuBv prfpq kro. ‘krq ivwidaf hI krfmfq’ hY.
Xfd rhy ik nvIN kIa leI nF aflt + koeI vI awKr, Kfs kfrnF krky iliKaf igaf hY. ikAuNik progrfmrF ny kMtrOl, iÈPt, kMtrOl+iÈPt, kMtrOl+aflt, iÈPt+aflt dIaF lwg pwg sfrIaF hI kIaF afpxy iksy nf iksy kfrj leI bfeI zIPflt nIaq kIqIaF hoeIaF hn. kyvl aflt kIa dI vrqoN hI vrqoNkfr leI KflI CwzI geI hY.
dUjI ivDI: hux asIN Aus qoqy dI gwl krn lwgy hF ijs ivwc kMipAUtr dy guxF dI jfn peI hoeI hY. iewQy jf ky qusIN anigxq kfrjF ivwcoN iksy vI kfrj dI sMKyp kIa bxf skdy ho. kfrvfeI ies prkfr hY: tUlj > kstomfeIË > kIa borz > kYtygrIË (loVINdI kytygrI kilwk kro) > kmFzË (loVINdI kmFz kilwk kro) > inAU Èfrtkwt kIa pfE (ijvyN aflt + afr) > kilwk asfeIn > kloË > kloË. hux afpxI sMKyp kIa nUM vrq ky dyKo.
qIsrI ivDI: jy sMKyp kIa qoN keI kMm lYxy hox qF sMKyp kI pf ky awgy loVINdy mYkro bxf leIdy hn ijs nfÜ iewk qoN lY ky anyk kfrj kr leIdy hn. mYkro bnfAux df vrnx awgy cwl ky kIqf jfvygf.

4[ kIa borz
kMipAUtr dy vrqoNkfr leI kIa borz iewk kmfl dI ‘hsq klf’ hY. ies nfÜ kMipAUtr dIaF sB krfmfqF vrqoNkfr dIaF dsF AuSgÜF dy poitaF AuWqy af jFdIaF hn. kIa borz iewk poty dy ieÈfry nfÜ ilKfrIaF leI sfry sMsfr dIaF klmF aqy swq smuMdrF dI isafhI lY ky syvf ivwc hfËr ho jFdf hY. ikEN nf iewk inrmfx pr ieqnI mhfn vsqU sbMDI afpxI jfxkfrI ivwc hor vfDf kr ilaf jfvy?
kIa borz asl ivwc kMipAUtr dIaF kIaF df iewk ajyhf BMzfr hY, ijs idaF jmHF joVF ivwc sfry sMsfr df igafn Biraf hoieaf hY. ies dIaF kIaF dy BMzfr df vrgI krn krky AunHF dIaF ivÈyÈqfvF df lyK joKf kuwJ ies prkfr hY ik kIa borz dI sB qoN AuWprlI lMmI lfeIn ivÈyÈ kfrjF leI smrpq hY. ies df hyTlf Bfg iqMnF ihwisaF ivwc vMizaf hoieaf hY. Kwby pfsy vwzf aqy myn ihwsf, kyNdr ivwc nyvIgyÈn kIaF aqy swjy pfsy nMbrF dIaF kIaF.
AuWprlIaF ivÈyÈ kIaF ivwc sB qoN Kwby ‘eI aYWs sI’ Bfv askyp kI hY. iksy gwlbfqI bfks nUM htfAuxf hovy jF iPr iksy axcfhy kfrj qoN KihVf CzfAuxf hovy qF ies askyp kIa nUM iewk vfr dbfieaf jFdf hY. aYWP 1 > hYlp (shfieqf) lYx leI. jy iksy kfrj dy krn ivDI df pqf nFh lwgdf hovy qF aYWP 1 dwbx nfÜ kMipAUtr df shfieqf prbMD quhfzI syvf ivwc af jFdf hY.
aYWP 7 > spYilMg cYWk krn leI hY. iÈPt + aYWP 7 > QIsfrs (sm-arQy Èbd) dyKx leI hY. ipRMt skrIn > skrIn pirMt leI hY. iesy qrHF hI bfkI dIaF PMkÈn kIaF afpxy progrfm anusfr koeI nf koeI ivÈyÈ kfrj inBfAuNdIaF hn.
ies lfeIn dy nyVy qyVy hI iqMn lfk bwqIaF (ieMzIkytr) lwgIaF huMdIaF hn. jo dwsdIaF hn ik kI nMbr lfk, kYps lfk jF skrOl lfk afn hn jF afP hn.
vwzf qy myn ihwsf: smJx dI sOK leI ies nUM iPr awgy pMj BfgF ivwc vMizaf jf skdf hY. kyNdrI, AuWprlf, Qwly df, Kwby pfsy df aqy swjy pfsy df Bfg. ienHF BfgF dI ivsQfr ivwc jfxkfrI ies prkfr hY:
kyNdrI: ies ivwc CwbI awKr aqy ivÈrfm icMnH idwqy hoey hn. ieh kuwl 34 kIaF hn. asl ivwc ieho kIaF hn jo quhfzy BfÈfeI ienpuwt nUM kMipAUtr dy soc-ivcfrI qy iswtfkfrI (prosYisMg XUint) prbMD nUM ByjdIaF hn. mfhrF ny bhuq hI soc ivcfr ipwCoN kIa borz dy ies Bfg dI sYitMg kIqI hoeI hY. ies ivwc hr kIa leI koeI nf koeI pr iewk hI AuSgÜ inrDfrq kIqI geI hY jF ies qrHF kho ik hr AuSgÜ leI kyvl kuwJ Kfs kIaF hI dwbx dI ivDI iqafr kIqI geI hY. ijnHF df ivsQfr nfÜ vrnx agly Bfg ivwc kIqf jfiegf.
AuWprlf Bfg: ies Bfg ivwc ivÈyÈ icnHF dy nfÜ-nfÜ ËIro, iewk qoN lY ky 9 qIkr aMk idwqy gey hn. ies ivwc Kwby qoN pihlI kfmf aqy itlzy vfÜI kIa nUM apfstrOPI aYWs pfAux leI, PrYSc ilKx smyN ivÈyÈ icMnH pfAux leI aqy pMjfbI ivwc `qy `c ivwc puwTf kfmf pfAux leI vriqaf jFdf hY. bfkI kIaF dy keI icMnH progrfimMg ivwc vrqy jFdy hn. ies dy Dur swjy bYkspys kIa hY jo ieMzIkytr jF krsr dy Kwby pfsy dy awKr nUM imtfAux leI vrqI jFdI hY.
hyTlf Bfg: ies ivwc ‘sItIafraYWl’ (kMtrOl) ‘eyaYWltI’ (aflt) spysvfr kIaF dy nfÜ-nfÜ vwKo vwK kuwJ hor kIaF vI huMdIaF hn. lMmI kIa Bfv spysvfr dwbx nfÜ do ÈbdF ivwc spys pf ky AunHF nUM iewk dUjy qoN inKyiVaf jFdf hY. kMtrOl aqy aflt (jo iewk-iewk krky spys bfr dy dovyN pfsy huMdIaF hn) dwb ky bfkI koeI vI awKr tfeIp krn nfÜ Aus leI inrDfrq kIqf igaf kfrj pUrf krdf hY. ijvyN kMtrOl + sI > kfpI, kMtrOl + bI > sIlYkÈn nUM gUhVf krnf afid iesy qrHF kIa borz AuWqy jy koeI hor kIa hovy Aus nUM dwb ky dyiKaf jf skdf hY ik Aus df kI kfrj hY.
Kwbf Bfg: tYb, kYps lfk, iÈPt iqMn kIaF ies Bfg ivwc hn. tYb kI, tybl ivwc aqy iksy zfielfg (gwlbfqI) bfks ivwc ieMzIkytr nUM awgy ipwCy iljfx df kMm krdI hY. ieh awgy hI awgy qurdI hY. cwkr pUrf ho jfx qy iPr afrMB ivwc af jFdI hY. jy kr iksy kfrn ipwCy muVnf pvy qF iÈPt dwb ky tYb dwbxI pYNdI hY. afm zfkUmYSt ivwc do ÈbdF ivwc awD ieMcI spys (jF iPks kIqI geI spys) dyx leI vI tYb dwbI jFdI hY.
kYps lfk kIa: ieh afn/afP kIa hY. jy aMgryËI dy sfry hI awKr kYpItl (vwzy) ilKxy hox qF kYps lfk kIa dwb ky Cwz idwqI jFdI hY. ies nfÜ ieh afn ho jFdI hY aqy kYps lfk vfÜI bwqI vI jg pYNdI hY. ies nfÜ sfry hI awKr vwzy tfeIp hox lwgdy hn. AunHF leI vfr-vfr iÈPt nhIN dbfAuxI pYNdI. pr jy ÊlqI nfÜ iÈPt dbfky koeI awKr tfeIp kIqf jfey Auh vwzf pYx dI QF AuWqy sgoN Cotf pY jfiegf. asl ivwc ‘kYps lfk kIa’ ‘iÈPt kIa’ dy kfrj nUM Ault idMdI hY.
iÈPt kIa: ies dy dwbx nfÜ loar kys apr kys bx jFdf hY. ieh swjy Kwby dovyN pfsy iewk-iewk huMdI hY. Xfd rhy ik jy vwzf awKr swjy hwQ nfÜ pfAuxf hY qF KwbI iÈPt dwbI jfiegI aqy jy vwzf awKr Kwby hwQ nfÜ pfAuxf hY qF swjI iÈPt kIa dwbI jfiegI.
Xfd rhy ik iÈPt, kMtrOl aqy aflt svY-afP kIaF hn. aqy ijqnI dyr ienHF nUM dwbky rwKogy ieh Auqnf icr hI afn rihxgIaF. CwzIaF nhIN qy ieh afpxy afp afP hoeIaF nhIN.
swjf Bfg: ies ivwc kyvl hux iewk aYStr kIa hI bcI hY. ikAuNik kMipAUtr iewk lfeIn qoN ipwCoN dUjI aqy dUjI ipwCoN qIjI kr ky, afpxy afp hI aruk ilKI jFdf hY. zfkUmYSt ivwc nvF pihrf afrMB krn leI aYStr kIa nUM dbfAuxf pYNdf hY. gwlbfqI bfks ivwc ieho aYStr kIa Eky df kMm vI krdI hY.
nyvIgyÈnI Bfg: afpxy zfkUmYSt nUM aYizt krn leI keI vyr Aus zfkUmYSt dy AuWpr Qwly jfxf pYNdf hY. ies kfrj nUM hI nyvIgyÈn kihMdy hn. ieh Bfg awKrF vfÜy Bfg dy swjy pfsy iewk mhIn hwd qoN swjy pfsy hY. ies dy AuWprI Bfg ivwc Cy kIaF hn jo ies prkfr kMm krdIaF hn: iensrt kIa; jdoN asIN krsr dI QF koeI nvF awKr ilKxf hovy aqy agly ilKy hoey awKrF nUM nfÜ-nfÜ awKr-awKr imtyxf vI hovy qF ies kIa nUM afn kIqf jFdf hY. ieh kMm pUrf ho jfx qy iPr ies iensrt kIa nUM afP kr dyxf cfhIdf hY. nhIN qF ieh byloVI pryÈfnI KVHI krdI hY. jdoN ieh afn huMdf hY qF styts vfr ivwc ‘Evr’ gUVH ho jFdf hY. Bfv iensrt afpxf kfrj kr irhf hY. afP vyÜy Evr mwDm idKfeI idMdf hY. aglI kI iensrt dy Qwly hY zIlIt; jy ieMzIkytr qoN awgy Bfv swjy pfsy iewk awKr jF bhuqy awKrF nUM zIlIt krnf hovy qF ieh kIa dwbI jFdI hY. AuWpr dUjI kIa hY hom: ies nUM iewk vyr dwbx nfÜ ieMzIkytr afpxI lfeIn dy afrMB ivwc af jfeIdf hY. jy kMtrOl + hom dwbIey qF ieMzIkytr sfry zfkUmYSt dy afrMB ivwc phuMc jfeIdf hY. ies dy Qwly aYSz kIa; ieh hom dy Ault dUjy pfsy nUM kMm krdI hY. aYSz dwbx nfÜ ieMzIkytr afpxI lfeIn dy aKIr AuWqy aqy kMtrOl + aYSz dwbx nfÜ pUry zfkUmYSt dy aMq AuWqy phuMc jFdf hY. AuWpr qIjI kI hY pyj awp; ieh dwbx nfÜ zfkUmYSt iewk pyj AuWpr clf jFd hY. iesy qrHF ies dy Qwly vfÜI kIa pyj zfAUn dwbx nfÜ zfkUmYSt iewk pyj Qwly clf jFdf hY.
iehnF CyaF kIaF dy hyTF hor cfr kIaF hn. ienHF dy AuWqy cfry pfisaF dy qIr lwgy hoey hn. sbMDq kI dwbky Ausy pfsy iewk iewk awKr krky ieMzIkytr lY jfieaf jf skdf hY. kMtrOl + qIr kIa imÜ ky vfDU kMm krdI hY. ijvyN: kMtrOl + Kwby qIr dI kIa > iewk awKr dI QF qy pUrf iewk Èbd Kwby, kMtrOl + swjy qIr dI kIa > iewk awKr dI QF qy pUrf iewk Èbd swjy, kMtrOl + AuWpr qIr kIa > pihry dy afrMB ivwc, kMtrOl + Qwly dI qIr kIa > agly pihry dy afrMB ivwc.
ienHF nyvIgyÈn kIaF dy swjy hn aMkVf kIaF. jdoN aMkiVaF qy kMm krnf hovy qF ienHF kIaF dI vrqoN kIqI jFdI hY. asl ivwc ienHF kIaF ivwc aMkVf kIaF aqy nyvIgyÈn kIaF df sumyl kIqf igaf hY.
ienHF kIaF dy Dur AuWprly aqy Kwby kony ivwc, pyj awp qoN swjy pfsy iewk nMbr lOk kIa hY. jo iÈPt kIa vFg ivÈyÈ rol inBfAuNdI hY. jy ies nUM dwbky nMbr lfk aOn kIqf hovy aqy AuWpr ies dy nfÜ sbMDq bwqI afn hovy qF iPr ieh Bfg aMk pfAux df kMm krdf hY. jy nMbr lfk aOP hovy iPr ieh nyvIgyÈn df kMm krdf hY.
ies ‘nMbr afn’ df iewk hor vI mhwqv pUrn kMm hY ik kyvl ies hflq ivwc hI aqy ienHF kIaF nfÜ hI asIN awKr koz pf skdy hF. awKr koz kIa borz dy myn Bfg dI AuWprlI lfeIn vfÜy aMkF qoN nhIN pfey jf skdy. awKr koz kI hY? ikvyN pfey jFdy hn? aqy kdoN pfey jFdy hn? ieh agly Bfg ivwc dwisaf jfiegf.

-0-