ÈfhmuKI - gurmuKI knvrtr df pihlf inrmfqf kOx
- ikrpfl isMG pMnUM

(ikrpfl isMG pMnUM gurmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI PONtF dIaF smwisafvF nUM smJx vfly aqy AunHF nUM dUr krn dy Xqn krn vfly aqy lgfqfr ies ivÈy qy ibnF iksy shfieqf qoN qpwsvIaF vFg inwT ky Koj aqy kMm krn vfly pRiswD aqy pihly ivdvfn hn. AuhnF dI ies Kyqr ivwc sB qoN pihlF idwqI dyx bfry kMipAUtr nfl juiVaf sfrf pMjfbI jgq jfxdf hY. AuhnF df dfavf hY ik AuhnF ny sB qoN pihlF gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI knvrtr iqafr kIqf. jd ik pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy zf gurprIq isMG lihl ies pihlkdmI bfry afpxf dfavf pyÈ krdy hn. pMnUM hurF ny ies muwdy qy pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf dI kfnÌrMs smyN AuWTy svflF aqy zf lihl nfl ies mudy qy hoeI gwlbfq dy hvfly nfl ies afrtIkl ivwc kuwJ spwÈtIkrn vI idwqf hY qy zf lihl koloN afpxf pwK pyÈ krn leI jvfb vI mMigaf hY. ‘sIrq’ zf lihl df pRqIkrm vI Cfpx leI iqafr hY. -sMpfdk)

‘gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI-gurmuKI PONtF dy knvrtr df inrmfqf kOx?’ ieh svfl AuTfieaf igaf sI, pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf ivwc hoeI ‘pMjfbI ivkfs kfnPrMs’ 16 mfrc 2008 ivwc. ijs df, zf: gurprIq isMG lihl dI dwsI jFdI qbIaq Érfb hox kfrn, AuhnF dI QF prcf pVHn vfÜy z: hrivMdr isMG BwtI koeI vI AuWqr nf dy sky. roËfnf spoksmYn dy 18 mfrc dy pMnF nMbr 9 AuWqy lfeI Ébr anusfr gurnfm isMG akIdf ilKdy hn, “zf: lihl dy iewQy (kfnÌrMs ivwc) nf hox kfrn ieh gwl aDUrI hI rih geI.”
bVf cMgf hoxf sI jy zf: gurprIq isMG jI lihl afpxI qbIaq TIk huMdy sfr hI prYWs ivwc swc nUM iKVy mwQy svIkfr kr lYNdy. pr pqf nhIN ikAuN, AunHF ny smyN isr ies shI mfrg nUM nhIN apxfieaf qy cuwp rihxf hI TIk smiJaf.
shI arQF ivwc swc qF Ausy idn kfnÌrMs ivwc hI inwqr ky sfhmxy af igaf sI, koeI BfvyN ies scfeI qoN lwK awKF mIcy. ies swc nUM pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy bhuq sfry ivdvfn BlI prkfr jfxdy hn aqy jfxdy hn Auh vI jo ‘gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI-pMjfbI’ prvrqn nfÜ afpxf QoVf bhuq vI sbMD rwKdy hn. jy nhIN jfxdy qF kuwJ ku prYWs vfÜy jF Aus ies muwdy qoN anujfx pRYWs rfhIN jfxkfrI prfpq krn vfÜy.
gwl ieh vI nhIN ik zf: hrivMdr BwtI jI nUM ies df shI AuWqr nhIN sI afAuNdf. ies sbMDI zf: gurprIq isMG lihl aqy zf: BwtI pUrI qrHF iGE-iKcVI vFg iewk-imwk hn qy Auprokq dy swcy jvfb qoN Auh dovyN BlI BFq jfxUM hn.
‘ÈfhmuKI-gurmuKI PONt knvrtr dy inrmfqf kOx?’ dy svfl df Bfv ieh hY ik sB qoN pihloN BfÈf dIaF hwdF qoVn vfÜy ies knvrtr nUM iks ny iqafr kIqf? Bfv kYnyzf dy mhF ngr torFto ivwc rihMdy ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ny jF ‘sMgm’ progrfm rfhIN pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy zf: gurprIq isMG lihl ny? ijwQoN qIkr ies prIvrqn ivwc suDfr krn jF ies nUM awgy hor lY jfx df svfl hY Auh iewQy ivcfr aDIn nhIN hY. ikAuNik ies ivwc bVy suDfr ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ny vI kIqy hn qy zf: gurprIq isMG lihl ny vI kIqy hn aqy awgy nUM hor vI huMdy, krdy rihxgy. hux qF XUnIkoz PONtF dy af jfx nfÜ asloN hI nvyN idshwdy rUpmfn ho gey hn. asl ivwc ieh iewk kdy vI nf pUrf hox vfÜf kfrj hY. ikAuNik gurmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI ivwc ilKIaF jfx vfÜIaF dovyN BfÈfvF pMjfbI aqy AurdU df psfrf ivÈfl hY.
so ivcfr aDIn svfl df iewko iewk spÈt AuWqr ieh hY ik sB qoN pihloN ieh knvrtr mYN Bfv ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ny iqafr kIqf hY. ies swc nUM zf: gurprIq isMG lihl ny tYlIPon AuWqy aqy mYnUM ByjI geI afpxI eImyl rfhIN myry koÜ afp svIkfr kIqf hY. Auh vI ies hflq ivwc jdoN ik AunHF nUM pihloN dws idwqf igaf sI ik Auh AuWqr koeI vI dyx pr ieh iDafn ivwc rwKx ik Auh AuWqr mIzIey ivwc sbUq vjoN pyÈ kIqf jfiegf. asl ivwc ieh iewk iewzf vwzf swc hY ijs nUM iksy vI hflq ivwc iksy vI ÈkqI nfÜ JuTlfieaf nhIN jf skdf. kyvl iksy hwd qIkr anjfx ivakqIaF nUM jF jo afp hI gumrfh hox leI iqafr bYTy hox, ies sbMDI gumrfh kIqf jf skdf hY.
cVHy idn vrgf spÈt swc nf bolx leI zf: gurprIq isMG lihl jI dI kI mjbUrI hY, ieh qF Auh hI jfxdy hn. AuNJ ies ipwCy, ‘kyrF qF bwly bwly krfqI’ dI Bfvnf hI kMm krdI jfpdI hY.
iesy kfnPrMs ivwc BfeI blijMdr isMG rfVf sfihb vfiÜaF dy prcy anusfr myry (ikrpfl isMG pMnUM) vwloN afpxf progrfm clf ky knvrÈn rfhIN BfeI kfnH isMG nfBf dy mhfn koÈ ivwc sfry AurdU awKr pfey gey. ijs nfÜ AunHF dI iewk vwzI aOkV hwl hoeI. ieh kfrj 1999 ivwc kIqf igaf. afpxy prcy ivwc BfeI sfihb jI ilKdy hn, “s[ ikrpfl isMG ‘pMnUM’ jI ny afpxy invykly hI ZMg nfÜ mhfnkoÈ ivwc afey ÈfhmuKI Èbd Aus Pfrmt ivwc AuplbD krvfey, ijhVy myrI ËrUrq anusfr ‘mfeIkrosfPt vrz’ PfeIl ivwc pyst kIqy jf skdy sn. ieh awj qoN qkrIbn 10 ku sfl pihloN dI gwl hY. AudoN gurmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI dy ilwpIaFqr vfÜf ajy koeI bfkfiedf tUl iqafr nhIN sI hoieaf. myry leI s[ ikrpfl isMG jI ‘pMnUM’ duafrf muhweIaf krvfeI ÈfhmuKI sfmwgrI iksy ikRÈmy qoN Gwt nhIN sI. jdoN ieh sfrf kfrj mukMml ho igaf, qy ieh ‘kMipAUtr df hfxI mhfnkoÈ’ 1999 eI[ ivwc Kflsf pMQ dI isrjxf dy 300 sflf idhfVy nUM smripq kr idwqf igaf aqy pI[ zI[ aYWP[ Pfrimt ivwc qbdIl kr ky ieMtrnYWt AuWqy AuplbD krvf idwqf igaf, jo ik afeIky13 zft kfm qoN muÌq zfAUnloz kIqf jf skdf hY.”
mYN 1999-2000 ivwc pMjfb afieaf aqy mYN afpxy ies progrfm dI prfpqI df drsfvf pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitafÜf ivwc hI zf: joÈI, zf: swqnfm isMG sMDU, zf: bldyv isMG DflIvfl, zf: jsivMdr isMG, zf: DnvMq kOr, icMqk kuldIp isMG pitaflf afid, pMjfb tYWkst borz cMzIgVH dy dPqr ivwc zf: joigMdr isMG kYroN, zf: afqmjIq isMG, kfnf isMG, zf: rmf rqn, zf: Èfm isMG afid dy sfhmxy kIqf. ijs qoN prBfvq ho ky zf: Èfm isMG pMjfbI itRibAUn 30 aprYl 2000 dy pMnF nMbr 5 dy afpxy ‘aMgsMg’ dy kflm ivwc ies prpfqI df AuGVvF vrnx krdy hoey ilKdy hn, “… Aus ny imhnq krky aYsf progrfm iqafr kIqf ijs ivwc gurmuKI PONt kMipAUtr dy kI borz df iewk btn dwbx nfÜ hI ÈfhmuKI (PfrsI ilwpI) PONt ivwc bdl jFdy hn ijnHF nUM dyK ky hr koeI hYrfn rih jfvygf. pMnUM ny ieh kMm kr ky pMjfbI sfihq isr vwzf prAupkfr kIqf hY ijs nfÜ hux gurmuKI ilKqF kMipAUtr dI mwdd nfÜ qurq Purq hI ÈfhmuKI awKrF ivwc Cp jfxgIaF. ikrpfl isMG pMnUM leI iqMn qflIaF aqy ÈfhmuKI awKrF `c vwzf slfm.”
zf: swqnfm isMG sMDU pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf pMjfbI itRibAUn dy 23 meI 2000 (5) igafn ivigafn pMny AuWqy myrf lMmF cOVf rUbrU pyÈ krdy hoey ilKdy hn, “kYnyzf ivwc rihMdy ikrpfl isMG pMnUM pMjfbI ilwpI df kMipAUtr rfhIN AurdU ilwpIaFqr krn sbMDI kMm kr rhy hn. AunHF df ieh kMm lgBg pUrf ho cuwikaf hY. … pMjfbI AurdU df kMm pUrf ho cuwikaf hY.” AudoN qIkr zf: gurprIq isMG lihl dy iksy ajyhy progrfm df koeI vI nF QF nhIN sI.
kYlyPornIaF invfsI zf: kulbIr isMG iQMd jI dI iewCf anusfr myry ies progrfm nfÜ myry vwloN ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb df gurbfxI PONt qoN ÈfhmuKI bfbfPrId PONt ivwc knvrÈn kIqf igaf. jo awj vI AunHF dI vYWb sfeIt ‘isrIgrMQ zft afrg - gurbfxI zfAUn lozË - ÈfhmuKI’ AuWqy piVHaf dyiKaf jf skdf hY. ies sbMDI keI hor sfeItF AuWqy hvflf vI imÜdf hY aqy BfeI hrbMs lfl jI ny ies df iËkr afpxy 28 agsq 2004 dy iewk aMgryËI lyK ivwc vI kIqf hY. ies knvrÈn ivwc hor suDfr sbMDI pitafÜy vfÜy zf: gurcrn isMG nfÜ aqy AunHF dy XqnF sdkf jwQydfr mnjIq isMG jI nfÜ ivsQfr ivwc ivcfr vtFdrf huMdf irhf. zf: gurcrn isMG horF ny myry iesy progrfm dI vrqoN krky afp gurbfxI ivwc afey arbI ÌfrsI mUl dy ÈbdF dy koÈ ivwc gurmuKI qoN bdlI krky ÈfhmuKI ivwc awKr pfey. ijsdf dUsrf azIÈn 2003 ivwc Cipaf. AudoN qIkr vI zf: gurprIq isMG lihl dy ies knvrtr df koeI nF QF nhIN sI.
myry gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI knvrtr nfÜ torFto invfsI iekbfl mfhl dI mÈhUr ikqfb ‘surF dy sudfgr’, jo gurmuKI, ÈfhmuKI aqy dyvnfgrI ivwc Cp cuwkI hY, vI myry bxy progrfm nfÜ ÈfhmuKI ivwc ilwpIaFqr krky sqMbr 2000 ivwc CfpI geI. Aus vyÜy vI zf: gurprIq isMG lihl dy knrvrtr df koeI nF QF nhIN sI.
ienHF idnF (2000) ivwc hI lfhOr vfÜy iekbfl kYsr dI pryrnf aqy AuqÈfh sdkf myry vwloN ÈfhmuKI (ienpyË) -gurmuKI prIvrqn df knvrtr iqafr kIqf igaf. ijs nfÜ bdlI kIqy hoey aqy suDfry hoey afisP Èfhkfr dy anyk lyK vIklI ajIq torFto ivwc Cfpy gey. jdoN ik ies kfrj nUM vI zf: gurprIq isMG lihl jI ‘pYn eyÈIaf afeI sI tI afr aYNz zI grFt aDIn jUn 2007 ivwc pUrf krdy hn.
17 PrvrI 2002 ivwc pMjfbI swQ lFbVF vwloN afpxI qyrHvIN pirHaf ivwc ‘gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI’ knvrtr iqafr krn dI prfpqI leI ‘s: lihxf isMG mjITIaf purskfr (qknIkI Koj) ‘leI mYnUM snmfinaF igaf.
28 jUn qoN 1 julfeI 2003 qwk vYnkUvr-kYnyzf dy Èihr ipRMs jOrj ivwc cwlI dUjI ivÈv pMjfbI kfnPrMs ivwc mYN afpxy gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI knvrtr dI prdrÈxI kIqI. Aus ivwc zf: lihl, jnmyjf isMG jOhl, zf: krnYl isMG iQMd, zf: kulbIr isMG iQMd, zf: suKpfl isMG iQMd afid sMsfr Br ivwcoN numFieMdy afey hoey sn. AudoN qIkr zf: lihl sfihb dy ies knvrtr dI ikDry koeI knsoa vI nhIN sI.
ies smyN qIkr af ky ieMglYNz dI iewk XUnIvristI aqy lfhOr df iewk gruwp vI ieh knvrtr bnfAux leI Xqn krn lwgf. Auh smyN smyN bqOr iewk mfihr dy ies sbMDI af rhIaF aOkVF bfry myrI slfh lYNdy rhy hn. gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI-gurmuKI knvrtr nUM iqafr krn aqy hor suDfr krn leI myrI idwqI slfh, jo dhfky dy anuBvF ivwcoN kÈId ho ky bxI hY, iewk mfihr dI slfh df sQfn rwKdI hY. myrf dfhvf hY ik ieh awj vI swc hY aqy kwlH vI rhygI. ienHF slfh lYx vfiÜaF dy mYnUM kyvl do nfm Xfd af rhy hn: pihlf, ieMglYNz dI XUnIvristI vfÜf virMdr kflVf, dUjf, lfhOr vfÜf aYSm Êulfm awbfs milk. milk jo awj kwlH PrFs ivwc iesy ivÈy AuWqy pI[ aYWczI[ kr irhf hY, ny qF gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI-gurmuKI df iewk cMgf knvrtr ‘pUrn’ vI iqafr kIqf hY. ijs nUM mYN tYWst vI kIqf hY. ies ihsfb nfÜ qF ieh knvrtr iqafr krn vfiÜaF ivwc zf: lihl df pihlf kI dUjf vI nhIN Èfied qIjf asQfn bxdf hovy.
myry ies swc nUM torFto, vYnkUvr, vfiÈMgtn, pfiksqfn, ieMglYNz afid ivwc anykF gvfh, ijnHF sfiraF dy siqkfrq nF iewQy ilKxy sMBv nhIN hn, ijnHF ny ies vrqfry nUM afpxI awKI dyiKaf qy jfixaF, aqy Auh vI ijnHF ny ies sbMDI myrf rUbrU krky afpxI klm nfÜ ies knvrtr nUM siqkfr idwqf, awj vI BlI BFq jfxdy hn ik ‘gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI-gurmuKI’ knvrtr df pihlf inrmfqf ikrpfl isMG pMnUM hI hY. ies hflq ivwc vI koeI korf JUT ikvyN bol skdf hY? ieho hI kfrn hY ik zf: gurprIq isMG lihl vwloN awj qIkr ikDry vI ieh nhIN nkfiraf igaf ik ieh knvrtr pihloN ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ny nhIN iqafr kIqf. hF kuwJ ikMqUaF pRMqUaF nfÜ aDUrf swc bol ky pihly knvrtr inrmfqf hox df ieh mfx ËrUr AunHF ny afpxy nF ilKvfAuxf cfihaf hY.
ajyhf krn ivwc zf: lihl sfihb jI dI kI mjbUrI hY ieh Auho hI jfxdy hn pr Auh hyT ilKy do muwidaF qoN sfP ienkfrI hn:
pihlf: ik AunHF dy knvrtr iqafr krn qoN ikqy pihloN mYN afpxf Epn mYkro progrfm AunHF dy kMipAUtr ivwc pfieaf sI. Auh ies swc-ivcfr nUM ‘myrf iKafl nhIN’ dy vwty Kwty ivwc pf ky tfÜdy hn. AunHF mYnUM tYlIPon AuWqy dwisaf, “myrf nhIN iKafl ik qusIN ieh progrfm myry kMipAUtr ivwc pfieaf sI.” jdoN ik mYN kihMdf hF, “myrf ieh XkIn hY ik asfzI pihlI imlxI ivwc hI mYN afpxf progrfm quhfzy kMipAUtr ivwc pfieaf sI.” not: AunHF qoN ielfvf vI mYN afpxf progrfm anykF kMipAUtrF ivwc pfieaf hY. aqy muPq pfieaf hY. jdoN ik ‘sMgm’ leI 25, 00 rupey dyxy pYNdy hn. cfbI iPr vI zf: lihl dy hwQ rihMdI hY. jy iksy kfrn-vws afpxy kMipAUtr ivwc ‘sMgm’ iPr qoN pfAuxf pey qF pfsvrz iPr zf: sfihb qoN mMgxf piegf. dyKo ikqnf vwzf Aupkfr kIqf hY pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf ny aqy zf: lihl sfihb ny pMjfbI ipafiraF AuWqy! jdoN ik mYN aqy BfeI blijMdr isMG jI rfVf sfihb vfiÜaF ny vIsI bopfrfey jI awgy ies nUM muPq jF mfmUlI muwl AuWqy afr-pfr dy pMjfbIaF leI AuplbD krvfey jfx dI BrpUr vkflq kIqI sI.
dUjf: 25 aprYl 2004 ivwc amrdIp isMG Èyrigwl mYmorIal kflj mukMdpur ivwc iqMn vI[ sIaF dy sfhmxy mYN afpxf prcf piVHaf sI. Aus ivwc mYN afpxy gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI knvrtr df BrpUr iËkr kIqf sI aqy zf: gurprIq isMG lihl aqy zf: hrivMdr isMG horF ny afpxy prcy ivwc ‘awKr’ progrfm dI prdrÈxI kIqI sI. AunHF dI kfr ivwc hI vfpsI smyN zf: BwtI ny myry awgy ieh slfh rwKI sI ik asIN iqMny hI gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI knvrtr AuWqy awgy kMm krIey. ieh kihky, “mYN kYnyzf ivwc rihMdf hF. myry leI ieh sMBv nhIN hY ik lMmy smyN leI mYN quhfzy koÜ rih skF. myrf progrfm Epn hY aqy quhfzy kMipAUtr ivwc pfieaf hoieaf hY. ies nUM awgy vrqx leI myry vwloN afp jI nUM KuwlHI CuwtI hY. BfvyN myry koÜoN ilKqI rUp ivwc vI lY lvo.” mYN afpxI mjbUrI aqy sihmqI prgtfeI. myry nfÜ tYlIPon AuWqy hoeI vfrqflfp ivwc zf: lihl jI ny iPr ieho hI ikhf ik AunHF dy iÉafl ivwc ajyhI koeI gwl bfq nhIN hoeI.
zf: lihl jI ny ieh vI ikhf ik mYN XUnIvristI dI rfjnIqI ivwc nf afvF qy myry idl ny Ausy vyÜy hI ikhf sI ik mYN qF Èfied nf afvF pr zf: lihl sfihb myry nfÜ rfjnIqI ËrUr hI Kyz rhy hn. iÈÈtfcfr vjoN ieh ivcfr mYN AunHF nUM nhIN drsfey.
zf: lihl jI dy bnfm KVHf hox dI myrI rqI Br vI iewCf nhIN hY. mYN AunHF df bhuq hI mfx-qfx krdf hF. pr mYnUM bhuq hI mjbUrI-vws ieh awk cwbxf pY irhf hY. shI gwl qF ieh hY ik jo vI pMjfbI dI AuWnqI leI kfrj kr irhf hY Aus awgy myrf isr sdf Juikaf hY aqy Juikaf rhygf. mYN zf: lihl sfihb dI inmrqf df bhuq hI siqkfr krdf hF aqy idloN cfhuMdf hF ik Auh idn duwgxI rfq cOgxI qrwkI krn. pr ieh pYsy pUsy vwtx dI rucI koeI bhuqI prsMsf Xog nhIN huMdI. qy nF hI dUjy dI Gflxf nUM imwtI Gwty roÜ ky afpxf nF QF cmkfxf soBf idMdf hY.
ikAuNik iewk vyr bMdf JUT bolky jF aDUrf swc drsfky iPr hËfr vyr ies kfrj nUM duhrfAux leI mjbUr ho jFdf hY. Èfied ieh vrqfrf iesy krky hI cwl irhf hovy.
afpxy mUMh mIaF imwTU bxnf kdI vI cMgf nhIN huMdf. do ku sfl hoey BfeI blijMdr isMG jI rfVyvfiÜaF ny, ijnHF ny gurbfxI nUM kMipAUtr AuWqy pfAux df mhfn kfrj kIqf hY, pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy qwqkflIn vIsI nfÜ iewk sdBfvnf mIitMg rwKI. ijs ivwc mYN aqy blqyj mfn vI hfËr sF. gwlF gwlF ivwc BfeI sfihb ny iËkr kIqf ik pMnUM sfihb ny sB qoN pihloN ‘gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI’ progrfm iqar kIqf. ieh suxky smyN dy vIsI ny zf: lihl nUM tYlIPon krky Ausy mIitMg ivwc bulfky spÈtI krn mMigaf qF z: sfihb ny ieh mMnidaF ik hF pihloN pMnUM ny knvrtr iqafr kIqf sI pr kuwJ ku dlIlF dy ky ieh iswD kIqf ik jo XUnIvristI ny iqafr kIqf Aus ivwc mhfn vfDy hn. Auh pihloN iqafr nhIN sI hoieaf. KYr AuWQy nF hI myrf afpxI vizafeI krn df koeI ierfdf sI aqy nF hI Aus sdBfvnf Bry vfqfvrn nUM ivgfVn ivwc koeI isafxp sI. qy Auh muwdf AuWQy hI smfpq ho igaf.
BfeI blijMdr isMG jI rfVyvfiÜaF nfÜ hI BfeI nMd lfl jI dIaF ÊËlF dy AurdU pirvrqn dI suDfeI dy sbMD ivwc pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy AurdU kYSp ivwc mlyr kotly jfx df mYnUM vI mfx prfpq hoieaf. “jy sfzy koÜ pMnUM sfihb quhfzf knvrtr nf huMdf qF asIN iksy pfsy vI nhIN sI lwg skdy.” ieh sfiraF dy sfhmxy khy gey bol zf: lihl dy sihXogI … dy hn. jo Aus vyÜy ihMdI qoN AurdU df knvrtr iqafr kr irhf sI. Aus df spÈt Bfv myry gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI progrfm df pMjfbI XUnIvristI vwloN zf: lihl dI dyK ryK Qwly iqafr kIqy gey sMgm progrfm ivwc shfeI hox qoN sI. Aus vyÜy mYN ies kQn nUM afpxy ‘mfx qfx aqy kIqI kmfeI dI mfxqf’ vjoN hI svIkfr kIqf sI. pr awj ies dy arQ ikqy zUMGyry inkÜ rhy hn.
zf: lihl sfihb jI dI smwisaf ieh jfpdI hY ik Auh afpxy iksy vI sihXogI nUM bxdf mfx qfx nhIN dyxf cfhuMdy. Auh ‘sMgm’ knvrtr nUM iqafr krn df sfrf ishrf afpxy hI isr bMnH lYxf cfhuMdy hn. jdoN ik nYiqkqf ieh mMg krdI hY ik ijs ny vI ies dI iqafrI ivwc ijqnf sihXog idwqf hY Auqnf Ausdf hvflf ËrUr idwqf jfvy. ijqnf vI pihlF iqafr ho cuwky hor iksy progrfm qoN ies ivwc lfB AuTfieaf igaf hY Aus leI Aus df DMnvfd ËrUr kIqf jfvy. ijvyN ik XUnIvristIaF dI afm rvfieq hY.
mYN ‘gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI’ knvrtr AuWqy afid (skrYp) qoN kMm arMB kIqf hY. ies dIaF sfrIaF KuafrIaF duÈvfrIaF nfÜ do cfr hoieaf hF. iPr vI mYN ies ivwc kyvl qy kyvl ies nUM iqafr krn ivwc ies krky hI sPl ho sikaf hF ik gurmuKI sbMDI myrI kfPI (pMjfbI afnrj) jfxkfrI hY, AurdU awKr BilaF vyÜy mYN cfr jmfqF pVHy hn aqy mYN sfrI Aumr ienHF nfÜ juiVaf irhf hF, lwg pwg dhfky dI Gflxf sdkf mYN afpxI loV anusfr mYkro ilKx ivwc mfx krn dI hwd qIkr muhfrq prfpq kr leI hY. sB qoN vwzI gwl qF ieh hY ik ies progrfm sbMDI mYnUM ijwQoN vI sihXog prfpq krn dI loV peI mYN mMigaf hY aqy mYnUM imiÜaf hY. ienHF sihXogIaF dI igxqI sYNkVy ho skdI hY.
zf: lihl sfihb nF qy dsvIN dy pwDr qoN vwD pMjfbI jfxdy hn. AurdU kihMdy AunHF ny kYdf pVHky iswiKaf hY. PONt AunHF leI koeI hor iqafr krdf hY. hF progrfimMg ivwc AunHF koÜ muhfrq ËrUr hY. Auh iekwly ies ‘sMgm’ nUM ikvyN iqafr kr skdy hn? ieh myrI smJ qoN pfr dI gwl hY. pUrf sMBv hY ik AunHF ny ies kfrj ivwc pMjfbI XUnIvristI dy pMjfbI, AurdU afid ivBfgF df aqy AunHF dy ividafrQIaF df vI Xogdfn prfpq kIqf hovy. jo koeI gunfh nhIN hY. pr Auh ikhVIaF mjbUrIaF hn ijnHF krky zf: sfihb AunHF df bxdf vrnx vI nhIN krnf cfhuMdy. rhI myry sihXog aqy Xogdfn dI gwl, jo AunHF ny mUloN hI awKoN Auhly kr Cwizaf hY, ikAuNik mYN AunHF dy keI lYkcr suxy hn, AunHF ny kdI vI myry pfey Xogdfn df bxdf muwl nhIN pfieaf, hF iewky duwky dI hfËrI ivwc ËrUr ies df vrnx kIqf hY. mYN afpxIaF prfpqIaF aqy AunHF idaF tfiÜaF mfiÜaF (pYrIaF) df awj spÈt qOr AuWqy sB dy sfhmxy vrnx kr irhf hF. hF jy AunHF ivwc ihMmq hY qF Auh KuwlH ky ienHF ivwc iksy Cupy JUT nUM Aujfgr krn:
iewk: sMgm dy ivwc zf: lihl sfihb jI ny muwK qOr AuWqy myry mYkro progrfm dI hI ivDI, lOijk vrqI hY. kyvl Aus jfxkfrI nUM bfkfiedf iewk progrfm df rUp idwqf hY. srl ÈbdF ivwc ieh kih skdy hF, ijvyN mYN iewk kivqf nUM mOilk rUp ivwc gurmuKI ivwc iliKaf hovy aqy AunHF ny Ausy kivqf nUM aqy AunHF hI ivcfrF nUM aMgryËI awKrF ivwc ilK idwqf hovy. jo iksy vI progrfmr leI koeI aOKI gwl nhIN. jy aOKI aqy asl gwl hY qF Auh hY loVINdf lOijk Ausfrnf.
do: zf: sfihb jI ny jo ÈfhmuKI leI PONt vrqI hY qy jo AunHF dy iewk Èfigrd ny iqafr kIqI hY, Auh lwg pwg sO PI sdI myrI qrqIbI PONt ‘bfbfPrId’ dI hI nkl hY. kIqf kyvl ieh igaf hY ik Aus nUM afskI kIaF qoN cuwk ky nvyN nF nfÜ XUnIkoz kIaF dy inwjI Kyqr ivwc jf pfieaf hY. jo XUnIkoz prbMD nfÜ afpxy afp ivwc hI iewk Droa hY. gwl kI bfbfPrId PONt nUM qrqIb dyx leI ijwQy myry mhIny Érc hoey sn Auh XUnIvristI ny kuwJ idnF ivwc hI nvIN QF AuWqy pf leI. ies nUM kihMdy hn, ‘ikrq koeI kry qy jybF koeI Bry’.
ienHF Tos qwQF sbUqF dy huMidaF vI zf: sfihb jI ny myry progrfm nUM bxdf mfx snmfn qF kI dyxf sI sgoN Auh qy ieh svIkfr krn leI vI iqafr nhIN hn ik AunHF ny myry progrfm qoN koeI syD leI hY jF koeI lfB AuTfieaf hY. jdoN ik mYN AunHF dy sfhmxy ieh Tok vjf ky kihMdf hF ik ‘sMgm’ progrfm ivwc jo ÈfhmuKI PONt zf: sfihb ny vrqI hY koeI vI knvrtr myrI ivDI Bfv lOijk nUM apnfey ibnF iksy hor qrHF iqafr ho hI nhIN skdf BfvyN Kud Kudf jI vI Xqn krn. ies kQn dI puÈtI lihl sfihb dy ‘sMgm’ progrfm dI ‘rIz EnlI’ PfeIl ivwc spÈt rUp ivwc peI hY. ijwQy Auh aMq ivwc jf ky ilKdy hn ik sMgm ÈfhmuKI ivwc soD nhIN ho skdI. (not: bfbfPrId ÈfhmjKI gurmuKI dy smfnFnqr AusfrI geI hY. ieh vI Kwby qoN swjy vwl nUM hI cwldI hY. ieh smwisaf ienpyj aqy XUnIkoz PONtF ny dUr kIqI hY. ikisMG)
pMjfbI XUnIvristI pitaflf dI ies kfnPrMs qoN ipwCoN myry nfÜ muwK qOr AuWqy zf: lihl jI nfÜ tYlIPon AuWqy ivsQfr ivwc ivcfr vtFdrf huMdf irhf hY. spoksmYn aÉbfr ivwc afpxy svfl nUM AuTfAux vfÜy gurnfm isMG akIdf nfÜ vI tYlIPon AuWqy keI vyr gwlbfq hoeI. AunHF dy kihx AuWqy mYN loVINdI jfxkfrI dI eImyl kr idwqI. cMgf qF ieho sI ik ies AuTfey gey svfl df inrnf vI Ausy hI aÉbfr ivwc ho jFdf. pr akIdf sfihb dy mYnUM bfr bfr XkIn duafAux AuWqy aqy myry bfr-bfr tYlIPon rfhIN Xfd krfAux qy vI Auh awj-kwlH awj-kwlH krky muwdy nUM tfÜdy rhy, tfÜdy hI rhy. so lMmf smF AuzIk krn ipwCoN ies sfËsI cuwp nUM qoVn leI hux ieh spÈtI krn mYN ‘sIrq’ rfhIN dy irhf hF.
Auprokq dlIlF aqy qwQF dy afDfr qy mYN ieh dfeIey nfÜ kih skdf hF ik gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI aqy ÈfhmuKI-gurmuKI knvrtr sMsfr Br ivwc sB qoN pihloN mYN Bfv ikrpfl isMG pMnUM, torFto-kYnyzf ny iqafr kIqf hY. aqy zf: lihl vwloN afpxf gurmuKI-ÈfhmuKI df progrfm ‘awKr’ iqafr krn vyÜy kyvl myry progrfm dI shfieqf hI nhIN leI geI sgoN Auh myry hI mYkro progrfm dI iewk dUsry progrfm ivwc pUrI dI pUrI kfpI krn dy nyVy qyVy hY. Aus ivwc awKr qoN awKr dy bdlfAu dy nfÜ nfÜ jo vwD kMm kIqf igaf hY Auh hY Èbd dy nfÜ Èbd df bdlfAu. Auh vI myrf hI suJfAu sI qy hY. Èbd qoN Èbd dy amuwk progrfm qoN qF hI bicaf jf skdf hY jy kr gurmuKI ÈfhmuKI tfeIp krqf iewk ivÈyÈ inXm rfhIN hI shI shI tfeIp krn.
hux afpxy spÈtI krn leI vI zf: gurprIq isMG jI lihl horF nUM pRYWs dy kurUkuÈyqrI mYdfn ivwc AuWqrnf cfhIdf hY. ies nfÜ ienHF BulyiKaF dy jMgÜF dy hor vI aMDyry pwK Aujfgr ho jfx dI prbl sMBfvnf hY. ieh myrI hfridk iewCf hY. nhIN qF iPro ieho hI smiJaf jfiegf ik zf: gurprIq jI lihl Auprokq awKr-awKr nUM shI mMndy hn.
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