sLRomxI gu[ pR[ kmytI dy pRDfn dI cox

– igafnI sMqoK isMG, afstRylIaf
 

rwb dy rMg vI inafry hI hn! nvMbr 2006 dI sLRomxI kmytI dI pRDfngI dI cox smy mY aMimRqsr ivc hI sF. dPLqroN bfhr mMjI sfihb dy njLdIk joVf Gr dI Cwq Aupr cVH ky mY ies sfrI pRikiraf nUM bfkI lokF dy nflL hI sux irhf sF. bIbI jfgIr kOr jI mMc sMcflx dI syvf inBf rhy sn. ivc ivc Auh kuJ hfsy vflLIaF gwlF krky mfhOl ivc rMgInI vI Br rhy sn. cox ivc ijs dI ijq hoxI sI AusdI hI hoeI ikAuNik iehnIN idnIN iswK sMsQfvF qy srkfr ivc iek Cqr rfj s[ pRkfss isMG bfdl jI df jU hoieaf.
sLfh muhMmdf gwl qF soeI hoxI,
jyhVI krUgf bfdl srdfr mIaF.
Esy idn lOZy ku vylLy mY jilHaF vflLy bfg vwloN GMtfGr nUM quiraf af irhf sF. kI vyKdf hF ik iek vwzI sfrI gwzI ijs Auqy lfl bwqI lwgI hoeI, cwlI af rhI hY. Esy awgy ipCy hor leI gwzIaF lfl bwqI vflLIaF qy Aus qoN ibnf, ihmYqIaF dIaF qy pulsIaF dIaF gwzIaF eynI ku qyj rPLqfr nflL af rhIaF sn ijMnI ik Aus BIV BVwky vflLy sQfn qy jfiejL nhI mMnI jf skdI. kI vyKdf hF ik gwzIaF dy eyzy vwzy DUMm DVwky vflLy kfPLly dy ivckfhy ijhy iek vwzI sfrI gwzI ivc pRDfn jI susLoBq hn. ieh sLfno sLokq vflLy idl luBfAuxy idRsL dy drsLn krky soc ies sfry kuJ dy ipCokV nUM drsfAux vflLy ieiqhfs ivc jf KuBI.
ies mhfn iswK pfrlImYt (imnI iswK pfrlImYt nhI) dy pRDfn sfihb bfbf KVk isMG jI, mfstr qfrf isMG jI afid vrgy mhfn afgU vI kdI hoieaf krdy sn. bfbf jI df qF pqf nhI pr mfstr jI df pRDfngI kfl qy AuhnF dI pMQk afgU dy rUp ivc cVHdIklf qy Pyr ZihMdIklf afpxIaF awKF nflL qwkx df smf imilLaf hY.
suixaf jFdf sI ik mfstr jI imsLnrI kflj dy nyVy siQq afpxy Gr qoN kmytI dI miitMg dI pRDfngI krn tFgy qy afieaf krdy sn. ieh vI dwsdy ny ik iek vfr AuhnF dy pYn ivcoN isafhI muwk geI qF AuhnF ny dPLqr dI dvfq ivcoN afpxy pYn ivc isafhI Brn qoN ienkfr kr idqf. ieh qF suxIaF suxfeIaF gwlF hn; scfeI kI hY dwsx vflLy jfxn. eynf pqf hY jLrUr hY ik 2 akqUbr 1962 nUM mfstr jI vwloN Qfpy hoey pRDfn, s[ ikRpfl isMG cwk sLyrf, nUM do votF qy hrf ky, sMq PLiqh isMG jI dy AumIdvfr, sMq cMnx isMG jI, pRDfn bxn qoN AupRMq pRDfngI df kbjLf lYx qoN ipCoN, afpxy irhfiesLI sQfn gurduafrf buZf jOhV jdoN gey qF aMimRqsroN gMgfngr qfeIN bws Auqy, iPr awgoN gMgf ngroN rfie isMG ngr qwk bws Auqy aqy EQoN iPr awgoN iksy afpxy pRsMsk akflI vrkr df sfeIkl mMg ky buZf jOhV awpVy.
s[ ikRpfl isMG qF rwjy puwjy sLfhI KLrcF vflLy qkVy srdfr sn qy jdoN Auh aMiRmqsr mIitMg dI pRDfngI krn jF hor iksy kfrj vfsqy afAuNdy sn qF grYNz hotl ivc Tihiraf krdy sn qy kmytI dIaF mIitMgF vI bhuqI vfrIN EQy hI kiraf krdy sn. ies sfry kuJ df KLrcf qy mYbrF dy Ckx CkfAux df KLrc vI Auh afpxI jyb ivcoN hI krdy huMdy sn. ies dy AulLt sMq cMnx isMG isMG jI iblkul sfDU qy mhF sMjmI suBf dy mflk sn. nf afp kmytI dy PMz ivcoN KLrc krnf qy nf hI iksy nUM nfjfiejL krn dyxf. Auh afpxI rotI leI aftf qy Kfx leI mflLty vI buZf jOhVoN hI lYky afieaf krdy sn. sLRomxI kmytI dI iek jIp nUM kuJ vzyrI bfzI lvf ky Ausdy ivc hI lwqF kwTIaF krky sOx dI QF bxfeI hoeI huMdI sI. Aus ivc hI nId pUrI kr lYxI. jykr AuhnF ny mukqsr qoN awgy buZf jOhV qwk Aus gwzI ivc jfxf huMdf sI qF Aus ivc pYtROl afpxI jyb ivcoN pvfAuNdy sn; kmytI dy PMz ivcoN nhI. dPLqr df kMm clfAux leI qF BfvyN pI[ ey[, sYkRytrI afid dPLqr ivc kMm krdy sn pr apxy nflL sPLr dOrfn, hryk smy pI[ ey[ vjoN mYnUM syvf df mOkf idMdy sn. zrfeIvr qy gMnmYn qoN ielfvf iek nflL syvfdfr huMdf sI. iek idn vjLIr s[ sohn isMG bfsI dI koTI ivc itkf smy mYnUM afiKaf, “sMqoK isMG, jykr afh kuJ dvfeIaF afid bfry syvfdfr kolLoN smJ lvyN qF afpF iek bMdf nflL cukI iPrn qoN bcf kr skdy hF. iesnUM iksy hor kMm qy lfieaf jf skdf hY.” myry hF krn qy ieh kfrj vI pI[ ey[ dI syvf dy nflL mYnUM sONp ky, afpxI tIm ivcoN iek bMdf Gtf ilaf. hux vyKo kI njLfry hn pRDfngIaF dy! BeI EdoN sLRomxI kmytI df bjt vI qF kulL iek kRoV qoN vI Gwt huMdf sI jdoN ik hux sfzy iqMn arb dy krIb ho igaf hY. TIk hY, “KLudf jb husn dyqf hY qo njLfkq af hI jfqI hY.”
sLRomxI kmytI dI afmdnI bfry vI iswKF nUM bhuq hI BulyKf hY. mY bhuq vfrIN kmytI dy jLuMmyvfrF nUM ieh bynqI kr cuwikaf hF ik beI qusIN iswKF dI soc ivcoN kmytI dy afmdn dy sRoqF bfry BulyKf dUr kro. AuhnF nUM afm jnqf dy sOKI qrHF smJ ivc afAux vflf qrIkf vI dwisaf hY pr ies Auqy aml nhI ho sikaf. ijs qrHF bjt iqafr krky kmytI dy prcy ‘gurduafrf gjLt’ ivc Cfipaf jFdf hY Auh iksy dy pwly nhI pYNdf. KLud mY vI AusnUM smJxo asmrQ hF qy Auh swjx ijnHF df sLRomxI kmytI dy kfrjF nflL isDf vfh hI nhI ipaf qy jo ivroDIaF dy JUTy pRfpygMzy df dhfikaF qoN isLkfr hn, Auh ikvyN smJ lYxgy! eynf ku mY dws idaF ik 1960 ivc aMimRqsr dI imAUNspl kmytI dy bjt nflLoN sLRomxI kmytI df bjt qkrIbn aDf huMdf sI. jdoN ik afm hI isKF ivc ieh BulyKf hY ik kmytI nUM srkfr nfloN vD afmdn hY.
mY suJf idqf ik ieh vI dwso sMgqF nUM ik ikMny skUl, ikMny kflj, ikMny hspqfl, ikMny qnKfhdfr mulfjLm, ikMnIaF srfvF, ikMny lMgr qy bfkI sMsQfvF kmytI vwloN cwl rhIaF hn. kulL afmdn ikMnI hY qy Auh ikQy ikQy KLrc huMdI hY. ikMny pRsYNt qnKfhvF qy, ikMny pRsYNt ivwidaf qy, ikMny pRsYNt ……. ieh TIk hY srkfrI kfnUMn dI pflxf kridaF hoieaF ‘gurduafrf gjLt’ ivc sB kuJ Cpdf hY pr Auh afm lokF dI smJ ivc nhI afAuNdf.
pMjfb srkfr df ies vfrIN df bjt vyiKaF smJ ivc afieaf ik Auh qIh arb df hY qy Aus ivcoN 76% mulfjLmF dIaF qnKfhF qy pYnsLnF qy KLrc huMdf hY. ies qrHF kmytI df bjt vI sOKI qrHF afm iswK sMgqF dy smJ ivc af skx vflLy ZMg nflL pRkfsLq kIqf jf skdf hY.
cfr ku dhfky pihlF kdI ieh hflq huMdI sI ik ivcfry kmytI dy syvfdfr svyry cfr GMty brCf PV ky Klo ky pihrf idMdy sn qy iPr sLfm nUM cfr GMty pihry qy afAuNdy sn. ivcly smy ivc, afpxy kmry ivc jf ky lUhf bflLf krky mMnIaF syk ky iZz nUM JulLkf idaf krdy sn. AuhnF nUM lMgr ivco rotI Kfx df hukm nhI sI huMdf. jykr koeI KFdf PiVaf jFdf qF jurmfnf huMdf sI. twbr sLihr ivc afpxy nflL rwK nhI sn skdy ikAuNik eynI QohVI qnKfh ivc sLihr aMdr twbr df gujLfrf musLkl huMdf sI.
myry BfeIaf jI dI izAUtI gRMQI vjoN gu[ sMqoKsr huMdI sI qy irhfiesL sRI akfl qKLq sfihb dy ipCvfVy huMdI sI. cfr GMty svyry qy cfr GMty sLfm nUM Auh gRMQI dI izAUtI inBfieaf krdy sn. mYnUM vI Auh ipMzoN ilaf ky afpxy kolL rwKdy sn qF ik cfr awKr myry iZz ivc pY jfx qy mY vI afpxI rotI kmfAux jogf ho jfvF. do vylLy dI izAUtI qoN af ky AuhnF ny awg bflL ky rotIaF syk ky KLud dy qy myry iZz nUM JulLkf dyxf. iPr AuqoN isqm ieh ik AuhnIN idnIN pMjfb ivc anfj dI Gft krky aftf vI rfsLn kfrzF qy imlLdf sI ijs nflL sOKf Jwt vI lMGxf musLkl huMdf sI. awj keI kfrnF krky pMjfb ivc hryk cIj df rolL ipaf hoieaf hY qy QF QF idn idhfrF smy sVkF qy vIy lMgr lwgy huMdy hn. sRI gurU rfmdfs sfihb jI df lMgr vI hux cOvI GMty KulHf rihMdf hY qy sgoN EQy do vylLy cfh vI imlLdI hY. AuhnIN idnIN lMgr ivcoN vIN ivrly hI XfqrUaF nUM hI lMgr df pRsLfdf nsIb huMdf sI. awj klH qF Kfs idnF qy AucycIaF imTIaF vsqF vI lMgr ivc vrqdIaF hn.
16 mfrc 1999 nUM, srdfr bfdl jI dy QfpVy nflL, jdoN bIbI jfgIr kOr jI tOhVf sfihb nUM lfh ky pRDfn bxy qF iehnF ny sB qoN vD cMgf aYlfn ieh kIqf ik hux qoN kmytI df koeI vI krmcfrI lMgr ivc bYT ky, sMgq nflL imlL ky pRsLfdf Ck skdf hY. koeI rukfvt jF iksy dI qnKfh ivcoN kft nhI kIqI jfvygI. lMgr qoN ielfvf awj qkrIbn hryk jLuMmyvfr krmcfrI dy dPLqr ivc, afey gey leI Ausdy snmfn vjoN, cfh pfxI df pRbMD vI huMdf hY. mYnUM Auh idn Xfd hn jdoN ik isrP do dPLqrF ivc hI, qy Auh vI iksy bhuq hI Kfs ivakqI leI hI cfh ipafAux df pRbMD huMdf sI. Auh do dPLqr sn: iek GMtf Gr ivclf ienPLrmysLn dPLqr qy dUjf pRDfn jI df dPLqr. pr Auh vI bhuq hI Kfs ivakqI leI. awj ieh sB kuJ KulHf zulHf vrqfrf vyK ky idl pRsMn huMdf hY.
awj sLfied kuJ mulfjLm qy mYbr kmytI dIaF gwzIaF vrq lYNdy hoxgy. sMq cMnx isMG jI dI pRDfngI df smf mY AuhnF dI mOq qwk qwikaf hY. AuhnF dI mOq AupRMq mY dys qoN bfhr af igaf sI. AuhnIN idnIN bws jF gwzI dy Qrz klfs df krfieaf mulfjLm qy mYbr, kmytI vwloN lwgI iksy izAUtI dOrfn vsUl kr skdy sn. kmjLor syhq qy ibmfrI dI vjfh dy kfrnF krky isrP ienPrmysLn dPLqr dy iencfrj s[ nirMMdrjIq isMG jI nUM pRDfn sfihb, s[ gurcrn isMG tOhVf jI dI spYsLl afigaf sI ik Auh Pst klfs df ikrfieaf vsUl kr skdy sn. iek vfr mYnUM vI AuhnF nflL idwlI qoN aMimRqsr dy sPr dOrfn afpxy pwilAuN, afpxI ieCf dy ivruD eyar kMzIsLn klfs ivc sPr krn leI mjbUr hoxf ipaf ikAuNik ik Auh syhq krky Qrz klfs ivc nhI sn sPr kr skdy qy mY AuhnF dy nflL sPr krnf sI. awj jdoN rwb ny sB kuJ idqf hoieaf hY aqy Aumr qy syhq vI ies gwl dI mMg krdI hY ik mY shUlq vflLI klfs ivc sPLr krF pr Pyr vI mY iksy ivsLysL klfs ivc sPLr krn nUM PLjLUl KLrcI qoN ielfvf hor kuJ nhI smJdf.
eyQy iek idlcsp gwl cyqy af geI: iek ivroDI pfrtI df mYbr kmytI dIaF miitMgF ivc kfbjL pfrtI dy iKLlfPL bhuq rOlLf pfieaf krdf sI. AusnUM cwup krvfAux leI iek skIm bxfeI geI. Aus smy kmytI df mYbr kmytI vwloN lwgI izAUtI dy smy, rojL dy cfr rupey alfAUNs qy Qrz klfs df ryl df krfieaf, kmytI dy KLjLfny ivcoN vsUl skdf sI BfvyN ik bhuq sfry mYbr ieh KLrc nhI vI ilaf krdy sn. ies mYbr ny afpxy sPr KLrc df ibwl iek klwrk kolLoN Brvfieaf. klwrk ny jfx buJ ky Pfrm ivc Pst klfs df krfieaf Br idqf. AuqoN gjLb ieh ik Aus sQfn qy ryl gwzI dI lfeIn hI nhI sI jFdI. afm vFg mYbr ny Pfrm qy dsqKLq vI kr idqy. muV ky ieh gwl bfhr af geI qy Aus mYbr dI puwC dws ho geI. asUl muqfbk Auh mYbr mYbrI qoN jf skdf sI qy awgy qoN vI dfgI ho skdf sI. pr Ausdy kfbjL pfrtI dI eIn mMn lYx nflL ieh kys dbf idqf igaf qy awgoN qoN Auh mYbr pihlF vrgI srgrmI nflL kfbjL grup df ivroD krno ht igaf.
gwzI dy aMdr jf ky vyiKaf qF sfzy qoN pihlF hI iek kfr syvf vflLy bfbf jI kursI qy ibrfjmfn sn. bVI hYrfnI hoeI ik lokF dy GrF qoN iek iek rotI qy kOlI kOlI duD dI mMg ky kfr syvf krn/krvfAux vflLy bfby vI eynf KLrc krky eyar kMzIsLn klfs ivc sPr krdy hn. hflF ik mY bfhroN igaf hoieaf sF pr iPr vI mYnUM ieh PjLUl KLrcI cuB rhI sI pr bfbf jI bVy afrfm sihq Xfqrf df luqP AuTf rhy sn. awj aijhf idRsL vyK ky hYrfnI nhI huMdI jdoN ik bfibaF dy iek dUjy Aupr kRoVF rupieaF qy ikloaF dy ihsfb sony dyy ‘awgy ipwCy’ ho jfx dy ieljLfm pRYs ivc lwgdy hn.
jFdy jFdy: vYsy afm pfTkF nUM pqf hI hovygf pr iPr vI eyQy sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn dI cox dy qrIky df ijLkr kr dyxf sLfied kuQF nf hovy! 1925 dy pMjfb asYNblI ivc pfs kIqy gey gurduafrf aYkt anusfr, sLRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dI cox, hryk pMjIN sflIN krvfAux dI pMjfb srkfr dI jLuMmyvfrI hY. ies cox ivc hryk bflgL iswK qy iswKxI vot pf skdy hn. 1947 dI gVbV vylLy awT sfl ieh cox nhI sI hoeI qy pMjfb dI 1966 vflLI vMz ipCoN 14 sfl nhI sI hoeI qy iPr 1979 qoN bfad sqfrIN sflIN 1996 ivc hoeI sI. pihlF hryk pMjIN sflIN iek sO cflLI mYbr cox ijwq ky, pMdrF nfmjLd ho ky qy cfr qKLqF dy jQydfr qy iek sRI drbfr sfihb df muK gRMQI jI rlLky, kul iek soO swT df jnrl hfAUs bxdf sI. ieh sfry mYbr aMimRqsr dy izptI kimsLnr dI pRDfngI hyT iekwTy ho ky afpxy pRDfn aqy hor ahudydfrF dI cox kiraf krdy sn. 1960 dI cox ipwCoN cOhF jQydfrF qy iek muK gRMQI jI ny, afpxI mrjI nflL, afpxf vot df aiDkfr iqafg idqf sI. hux Auh bqOr mYbr mIitMg ivc bYT qF skdy hn pr iksy pfsy vot nhI pf skdy. 1996 dIaF coxF qoN pihlF srkfr ny 30 sItF iswK bIbIaF leI rfKvIaF hor sLfml kr idqIaF. ies qrHF hux 140+15+30+6 = 191 kulL mYbr bx jFdy hn. iehnF ivcoN pMj qKLqF dy jQydfr aqy iek sRI drbfr sfihb dy muK gRMQI dI vot nhI huMdI. 1999 qoN pihlF srkfrI qOr qy qKLq sRI dmdmf sihb nUM bqOr qKLq dI mfnqf nf imlLI hox krky, Aus dy jQydfr jI mIitMg ivc bYiTaf qF krdy sn pr AuhnF nUM srkfrI qOr qy mYbr nhI sI mMinaf jFdf. ies leI 1999 qoN pihlF jQydfrF dI igxqI pMj huMdI sI, hux Cy hY. iehnF CyaF qoN ielfvf bfkI dy 185 ivcoN ijs vwl mYbrF dI bhu sMmqI hovy Auh pRDfn cuixaf jFdf hY. pRDfn dy nflL hI iek sInIar mIq pRDfn, iek jUnIafr mIq pRDfn, iek jnrl skwqr aqy 11 aYgjLYiktv mYbr, kul pMdrF dI cox hr sfl huMdI hY. iehnF ahudydfrF qy aYgjLYitv mYbrF dI cox hr sfl akqUbr/nvMbr mhIny ivc huMdI hY. iehnF sfiraF dI koeI qnKfh nhI huMdI qy nf hI iehnF nUM koeI alfAUNs vgYrf hI imlLdf hY.
pRDfn jI dI bfq qF vwK rhI, iehnIN idnIN qF isMG sfihbfn vI lfl bwqIaF vflLIaF gwzIaF qy bfzI gfrzF nflL ivcrdy hn. bcpn ivc vyiKaf krdy sF ik igafnI BUipMdr isMG jI muK gRMQI sRI hirmMdr sLfihb aqy jQydfr awCr isMG jI jQydfr sRI akfl qKLq sfihb jI, bfkI isMG sfihbfn smyq, afpxy GrF qoN izAUtI Aupr bfjLfr ivc dI pYdl qur ky hI afieaf jfieaf krdy sn. jdoN iehnF hsqIaF ny bfjLfr ivcdI qur ky lMGxf Qf hryk dukfndfr qy afAuNdy jFdy swjxF ny dovyN hwQ joV ky siqkfr vjoN Klo jfxf. mY ieh nhI cfhuMdf ik ieiqhfs df phIaf puwTf PyiraF jfvy; isrP gurU KLflsf pMQ dI afriQk pwKoN cVHdIklf vyK vyK pRsMnqf pRfpq krdf hF.
keI vfrIN kFgrs srkfr afpxy ihmfieqI kuJ iswKF nUM awgy lf ky akflIaF hwQoN, sLRomxI kmytI dy mYbrF nUM lflc dy ky, pRDfngI dI cox smy kmytI qy kbjLf kr lYNdI rhI hY pr jdoN hI afm iswKF dIaF votF pYxIaF qF hryk jnrl cox ivc iswK muV akflI dl nUM ijqf idMdy rhy hn. iswKF df lIzr EhI jfixaf qy mMinaF jFdf hY ijs df kMtRol sLRomxI kmytI Aupr hovy. sLRomxI kmytI ny hI sfry gurduafiraF df pRbMD krnf huMdf hY qy smyq jQydfrF dy sfry swjx vI QF pr QF ies kmytI ny hI lfAuxy qy lfhuxy huMdy hn. ies leI koeI vI swjx jo iesdy pRDfn dI jF Ausdy lIzr dI nIqI qoN AulLt cwly Auh afpxI pdvI Aupr itikaf nhI rih skdf. ieh iek kOVI scfeI hY jo ik njLr aMdfjL nhI kIqI jf skdI.
iehnIN idnIN qF sfrIaF iswK sMsQfvF s[ pRkfsL isMG bfdl jI dy kMtRol ivc hn qy Auh ijs nUM ijQy cfhux ibTf skdy ny ijs nUM ijQoN cfhux AuTf skdy ny.