blYk nIgro ingr

- suKpfl

Black Èbd df mUl sRoq BfrqI-XUrpI hY» pwCmI BfÈfvF ivwc iehdf muZlf rUp Bhleg sI ijsdf arQ hY: ‘sfV ky DUMeyN vrgf kflf krnf, jF DUMeyN nfl sfV ky kflf krnf’ » purfxI jrmn ivwc eyhdf rUp Blah aqy ÌrYNc ivwc Black sI» qyrHvIN sdI dI aMgryËI BfÈf ivwc vI iehdf arQ ‘kfly rMg vflf’ hI sI» solHvIN sdI dI afrMiBk aMgryËI ivwc eyhdf arQ ivigafnk qOr qy pirBfÈq kIqf imldf hY: ‘Auh rMg jo pdfrQ vwloN rOÈnI ƒ pUrf soKx qy idsdf hY’ »
solHvIN sdI ivwc hI Black Èbd ƒ nFh-vfcI arQ idwqy gey ijvyN ik: To Stain Black df arQ hoieaf: ‘bdnfmI krnf’ » iksy duÈmx ƒ Black Enemy aqy iksy ibmfrI ƒ Black Death jF Black Curse (1583 eI. ivc) ikhf igaf» Black Looking Man df arQ burf jF BYVI nIq vflf bMdf ho igaf, cfhy AuhdI cmVI df rMg koeI hovy» eynHF vyilaF ivwc hI nOkrF ƒ Blackboy aqy afstRylIan mUl ieMzIan invfsIaF ƒ ihkfrq nfl Blackfellows ikhf igaf» vIhvIN sdI dy awD lfgy ieh Èbd ‘glqI’ vfsqy vI vriqaf jfx lwgf» pMjfbI aqy ihMdI Ëbfn ivwc vI ‘kflf’ Èbd df arQ vDyry krky nFh-pwKI hY (ijvyN: kflI Ëbfn, mUMh kflf krnf) » afrIan mUl dy sFvly lokF df dRfivV mUl dy lokF nfl nÌrq df kfrx AunHF df gfVHf rMg vI sI» BfrqI aiDafqmk arQF ivwc aigafn ƒ hnyrf (kflf) aqy igafn ƒ rOÈnI (icwty) nfl qrjIh idwqI geI hY» Èfied sfzI siBaqf ivwc kfly rMg qoN nÌrq df muwZ ieho hovy» vIhvIN sdI dy awD qk aÌrIkI mUl dy lok vI goiraF vloN ‘kflf’ ikhf jfxf hyTI, ivqkrf aqy inrfdr smJdy sn»
‘nIgro’ nF dIaF iqMn lMmIaF ndIaF hn ijhVIaF bRfËIl (1400 mIl), arjntfeInf (700 mIl), aqy AurUguey (500 mIl) ivwc vgdIaF hn» ieko hI aMgryËI qrIky (Negro) nfl ilKy jfx vfly ies Èbd df Aucfrx ieMnHF ndIaF kMZy rihx vfly lokF muqfbk ‘ny-gro’, ‘nI-grf’ jF ‘nI-grU’ hY» ieho Èbd nfeIjIrIaf mulk dy nfAuN df muwZ hY»
Negro Èbd df arQ ‘grmI dyx’ nfl vI juiVaf hY, ijvyN kwc imwtI jF tfeIl qy kIqy rMgF ƒ pwkf krn leI grm krnf; jF kwc lohf stIl aqy hor DfqF ƒ grm krky hOlI hOlI TMZf krnf qF ik Auh mËbUq ho jfx, CyqI nf tuwtx»
imsrI aqy nfeIjr-kFgo aÌrIkI BfÈfvF ivwc bhuq sfry siqkfrXog Èbd N nfl hI afrMB huMdy hn (ijvyN ik Nile ndI) » kuJ ivdvfnF df iKafl hY ik Negro Èbd df muZlf rUp Èfied ‘n-g-r’ hY ijhVf imsrI lokF ny ‘rwb’ vfsqy vriqaf» AunHF df kudrq vfsqy vriqaf Èbd ‘ntyr’ Aucfrx vyly ‘injr’ ho jFdf hY ijhVf ‘nIgro’ Èbd dy lfgy hY» purfxI imsrI BfÈf ivwc aMgryËI sÍr (a, e, i, o, u) nhIN sn vrqy jFdy» eynHF ivdvfnF muqfbk lfqInI BfÈf jfxdy romnF jdoN pihlI sdIey aÌrIkI mulk ieQopIaf qy hmlf kIqf qF Niger Èbd hoNd ivwc afieaf»
hor lokF muqfbk Negro Èbd sMn 1545-55 dy lfgy jnimaf» purqgyËI lok ihMdusqfn afAux leI smuMdrI rfh lBdy pihlI vfrI sMn 1442 eI. ivwc dwKxI shfrf dy ryigsqfnI ielfikaF ivwc gey» AunHF Negro Èbd shfrn mUl dy jMmpl lokF leI vriqaf» smF pf ky ieh aÌrIkI mUl dy sfry lokF leI vriqaf jfx lwgf ijMnHF dI cmVI df rMg kflf, awKF gihrIaF aqy vfl moty GuMgrfly sn»
lfqInI ivwc ‘nfeIgRm’ (Nigrum) Èbd df arQ hY: kfly rMgf» Nero (ietYlIan), Negre (ÌrYNc), Neger (zwc, jrmn, svIizÈ, hMgyrIan), Negro (spynI, purqgyËI), aqy Negeris (lftvIan) ÈbdF df sFJf arQ ‘kflf’ hI hY»afpxy mUl dI BfÈf lfqInI qoN ieh Èbd spynI aqy purqgyËI BfÈf ivcoN lMGdf aMgryËI ivwc afieaf» nIgro df iesqRI Èbd ’Negress’ sMn 1786 ivwc ÌrYNc BfÈf rfhIN afieaf» ’Negroid’ Èbd sMn 1859 lfgy vriqaf igaf ijsdf arQ hY: ‘nIgro vrgf’ »
vIhvIN sdI dy ieMglYNz ivc Negro Èbd eyÈIan mUl dy lokF leI vI vriqaf jfx lwgf» ieh eyÈIan nslvfd hY ik sfzy lokF ƒ ‘kflf’ khfAuxf afpxI hyTI jfipaf» ivroDqf hox qy sB gYr-goiraF ƒ lok ‘Colored’ kihx lg pey» eyh awj vI pRcwlq aqy TIk Èbd igixaf jFdf hY» aYlivs kostYlo ny brqfnvI ÌOj vwloN AuWqrI afierlYNz dy juafn gory muMizaF ƒ cux cux ky mfrx dI inMdf kridaF 1981 ivwc ilKy qy gfey afpxy gIq ‘ElIvr’ Ë afrmI’ ivwc ‘white Niggers’ Èbd vriqaf: “KuÈI KuÈI koeI GoVf dwby, hor iewk jxI ivDvf ho jy, hor iewk icwtf inwgr Gt jy” » jOhn lYnn ny aOrqF dI dÈf ibafnidaF afpxy gIq ivwc ikhf : “Woman is the nigger of world”. vIhvIN sdI dy afrMB qwk Nigger Èbd df arQ ‘nuks’ vI sI» As Black as Nigger afKxf qF sDfrx gwl sI» cIn ivwc awj vI gfVHy BUry rMg ƒ Nigger Brown ikhf jFdf hY»pRiswD Èbd khy: “iksy vIaqnfmI ny mYƒ kdy Nigger nhIN afiKaf» mYN amrIkf vwloN vIaqnfmIaF ivruwD lVxoN ienkfr krdf hF» “
abrfhm ilMkn dy jqnF nfl amrIkf ivcoN gulfmI srkfrI qOr qy 1860-65 dOrfn muwk qF geI, pr kfly lok hyTly drjy dy nfgirk hI rhy» ‘isvl rfeIts lihr’ df muwZ 1896 mgroN bwJ igaf» sMn 1955 qoN 1968 vyly kfly lokF goiraF brfbr hwk lYx leI mfritn lUQr ikMg dI agvfeI ivwc qkVI isvl nfÌrmfnI lihr CyVI» Es vyly pihlI vfr nslvfdIaF ‘nIgro’ aqy ‘inwgr’ Èbd gflH vjoN vrqxy ÈurU kIqy qF kfly lokF mMg kIqI AunHF ƒ Blacks afiKaf jfvy» “Black is Beautiful” khfvq mfritn lUQr ikMg ny hI pRcwlq kIqI» Aus vyly qoN AuWqrI amrIkf ivwc kfly lokF leI ‘blYk’ Èbd afdrXog mMinaf jFdf hY»
EmflI XyÈIqylf, kvfmI qury aqy mukfsf dfdf dI rihnumfeI hyT sMn 1966 qoN 1975 dOrfn ÌuwtI “Black Power” lihr df kyNdrI nukqf sI ik kfly lok afËfd hsqI, kOm, ieiqhfs, siBaqf, DrqI, aqy aiDkfrF dy mflk hn» AunHF df luwt Koh krn vflI gorI siBaqf ivwc Gulxf imlxf afpxy mUl nfl gwdfrI hY» ieh kfly lokF dy mfx, hwkF, alihdgI aqy pUrI suqMqrqf df aYlfn sI» dUr-idRÈt mfritn lUQr ikMg eyhdy nfl pUrf sihmq nhIN sI» AuhdI mMg amrIkI smfj ivwc kfilaF dy ‘Gulx-imlx’ aqy brfbrI df hwk lYx dI sI» ÌrFs ivwc 1930 dOrfn ‘blYk pfvr’ vrgI lihr, “Negritude”, kfly lokF vwloN ÌrFsIsI bsqIvfd ivruwD ilEpolz sYngor hurF dI agvfeI ivwc AuWTI sI » eysƒ sfrqr ny ‘nslI eykqf leI ËrUrI nslvfd-ivroDI-nslvfd’ afiKaf sI»
bRfËIl ivc Negro Èbd hfly vI kfly lokF leI siqkfr nfl hI vriqaf jFdf hY» spynI boldy mulkF (arjntfeInf, icwlI, AurUguey) ivwc iehdf arQ ‘sfQI’ jF ‘nËdIkI imwqr’ hY» pRiswD arjnqInI gfiek mriszIË sosf dy kfly GuMgrfly vflF krky Auhƒ ipafr nfl La Negra kihMdy hn» sMgIq, Kyz, kfƒn, klf aqy hor KyqrF ivwc mfrIaF mwlF krky kfly lok awj afdrXog kOm hn»
Black jF Negro ÈbdF df ieh vyrvf myrI jfxkfrI ijMnf hI sImq hY, sMpUrn nhIN»
ÈbdF dy arQ smyN-sQfn-siQqI nfl bdldy rihMdy hn» pMjfboN CpdIaF aKbfrF ivwc pfiksqfn nfl sbMDq iksy vI gwl ƒ drsfAux leI sihjy vriqaf Èbd.. . ‘pfkI’ … awj klH knyzf jF amrIkf ivwc eyiÈafeI lokF ƒ gflH vjoN vriqaf jFdf hY» jo arQ ajklH amrIkf ivwc ‘nIgro’ Èbd df hY, AuhI sfzI BfÈf ivwc `cUhVy’ jF `cmfr’ df hY» iksy smyN ieh Kfs ikwiqaF nfl juVy lokF leI Èbd sn» awj dy vyilaF ivwc eyho Èbd AunHF BfvnfvF dI inÈfndyhI krdy hn, ijnHF df sfzy aMdr hoxf hI jurm hY» knyzf amrIkf rihMdy keI sFvly eyÈIan bMdy kfly lokF ƒ AunHF dy rMg krky `cUhVy’ jF `cmfr’ hI smJdy hn» sfzI kuVI gory nfl ivafh kr lvy qF aOKy sOKy jr lYNdy hF, KuÈ vI huMdy hF, pr kfly bMdy nfl ivafh krnf zuwb mrn vflI gwl hY» sfzy aMdr sdIaF qoN vwisaf ivqkrf aqy gory dI gulfmI sfzy nfl hI afAuNdy hn» asIN Buwl jFdy hF ik gorI awK leI.. . kflf BUrf jF sFvlf.. . sBo rMg Colored hI hn» keI hËfr gory hn ijMnHF dI awK aijhI nhIN, qy keI lwK asIN hF jo ieh leI iÌrdy hF»
‘nIgro’ Èbd dy jnmdfqf Èfied ieqflvI lok sn» awj ietlI ivwc jy koeI iksy ƒ imwQ ky ‘nIgro’ khy qF Aus qy mukwdmf cwl skdf hY, sËf ho skdI hY» jUn 2007 ivwc aMgryËI dy ‘ibg bRdr’ Èoa ny adfkfr aYimlI pfr ƒ afpxy sfQI cfrlI Aucyaf ƒ Nigger kihx qy kwZ idwqf» vrnxXog gwl hY ik ieh lÌË tYlIivËn qy nhIN, aYvyN bfg ivwc qurdy iÌridaF ikhf igaf sI» 28 akqUbr 2007 ƒ inAUXfrk istI kONsl ny mqf pfs krky Nigger Èbd dI vrqoN gYr-kfƒnI aYlfn kIqI»
afpxI BfÈf dy aijhy ÈbdF dI ihkfrqI aqy iBafnk vrqoN ivruwD asIN ieAuN kdoN krFgy?
‘nIgro’ Èbd df arQ iksy vyly “rwb” sI, qy iksy vyly ieh gflH ho igaf» `cmfr’ cMm df ikwqf krn vfly leI mfxXog Èbd sI, awj ieh iDrkfr hY» sfzy vyilaF ivc.. . swc, afËfdI, ipafr, Drm, isafxp, irÈqy.. . ikMny hI ÈbdF dy arQ bdl jF guafc rhy hn»
arQ Èbd dI jfn hY» aslI arQ ƒ mfrnf jF durkfrnf Èbd df apmfn hY» Èbd inrI sfzI vrqoN dI vsq nhIN» jy Èbd sfzf imwqr ipafrf hY, jy eyhdI hsqI sfzy leI ‘ijAUNdI’ hY, qF sfƒ eyhdy arQ dI mOq df duwK huMdf hY, hoxf cfhIdf hY» jd koeI muhMmd alI AuWT ky afKdf hY.. “hF, mYN Negro hF” … qF eys Èbd df mfx aqy arQ prq afAuNdf hY»
Èbd df Kuwisaf afdr aqy arQ bhfl krnf ilKx vfly df vI kMm hY» jy smfjk siQqIaF ÈbdF df arQ bdl skdIaF hn qF Èbd vI smfjk siQqIaF bdl skdy hn, bdldy hn» eys vfsqy AunHf dy aslI arQF ƒ jIxf pYNdf hY» Auh ilKxf.. . jo ÈbdF ƒ AunHF dy aslI arQ prqfa dyvy.. . iks qrHF df hoeygf.. .