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dunIaf ivwc
jLulm dy BFbV mwc rhy hn. bMb vrsfey jf rhy hn. qopF dI grj
hY, bMdUkF dIaF golIaF dI kfVH-kfVH hY, tYNk KrV-KrV krdy
Bwjy iPrdy hn. ikDry mnuwKI-bMb afpxf kfrf kr rhy hn.
kfr-bMb, trwk-bMb lokF dI BIV ivwc Duws afAuNdy hn. mOqF df
Zyr lwg jFdf hY. bwcy sihmy pey hn. aOrqF dIaF awKF ivwc
aruk hMJUaF df hVH vg irhf hY. mrd ikwQy kmfeIaF krn jfx? hr
QF mOq df buwq mUMh twzI KVHf idKfeI dy irhf hYY. BuwK, nMg,
bImfrI df KulHm-KulHf rfj cwl irhf hY. irPLIAUjI kYNp vDdy
jf rhy hn. Gr koeI hY nhIN. dwso, lok ikwDr nUM jfx?
sfmrfjIey, mjLhbI kwtV-pMQIey, izktytr afpxy-afpxy QF AuWqy
mFh dy afty vFg afkVy bYTyy hn. lok curfhy wqy KVHy hn.
hnyrf hY, rfh lwBdf nhIN. kI ihMsf hfly vI smwisafvF df hwl
kwZ skdI hY? hF, kwZ skdI hY jdoN sUrj pwCm vwloN cVHn lwg
jfAUgf!
ihMsf, qsLwdd, vfieElYNs dy kI arQ hn: jLor idKfAuxf, DONs
idKfAuxI, hYNkV idKfAuxI, jLKLmI krnf, jfno mfr dyxf,
nfjfiejL PLfiedf AuTfAuxf afid. iehnF qrIikaF duafrf zr pYdf
kIqf jFdf. afm qOr wqy ihMsf sLbd nUM lokF dy ivruwD
iBMn-iBMn ZMgF nfl qfkq vrqx dy arQF ivwc ilaf jFdf hY. lokF
nUM kuwitaf jFdf hY, swtF mfrIaF jFdIaF hn, jylHF ivwc
suwitaf jFdf hY, qsIhy idwqy jFdy hn, kql kIqf jFdf hY,
jfiedfdF qbfh kr idwqIaF hn, jfiedfdF AuWqy jLbrdsqI kbjLy
kIqy jFdy hn. keI vfr lokF ivwcoN kuJ lok vI awk ky jLulm df
tfkrf krn leI hiQafr cuwk lYNdy hn pr syD aqy anusLfsn dI
Gft kfrn afpxf hI nuksfn krvf bYTdy hn. dfa ivwc bYTf
mfPLIaf lihr nUM lokF hQoN Koh lYNdf hY aqy sLfhsvfr bx
bihMdf hY. jnqf dUhrI mfr ivwc af ky KLOPLnfk ijLMdgI bsr
krn leI mjbUr ho jFdI hY.
iewk srkfr dUjI srkfr dy iKLlfPL ihMsk jMg krdI hY. qbfhI
mcfAuNdI hY. kroVF dI igxqI ivwc kqlfm huMdf hYy. keI vfr
afpxI hI srkfr afpxI puils-PLOj duafrf ihMsf rfhIN afpxy hI
lokF df Gfx krdI hY, qsIhy idMdI hY [ [ [. nsl kusLI kr
idwqI jFdI hY. kqlfm krdI hY, QfixaF ivwc AuhnF nUM
kuwt-kuwt ky mfr idMdI hY, jylHF ivwc suwt idMdI hYY,
axmnuwKI slUk krdI hY.
iewk jfqI dUjI jfqI dy iKLlfPL qbfhI rfhIN ijLMdgI dojLKL
bxf idMdI hY. mjLhbI mfPLIaf afpxf qFzv nfc nwcdf hY.
afqMkvfdI rUp Dfr ky lokF nUM sLry-afm luwtdf hY. awgF
lfAuNdf hY. DIaF-BYxF dI pq mfipaF sfmHxy bypq krdf hY. kqlF
df dOr clfAuNdf hY. jfiedfdF dI sfV-PUk krdf hY. lokF dI
avfjL df glLf Guwt idwqf jFdf hY. ies qrHF ihMsf nMgy mUMh
KVHI llkfrdI hY.
gwlF qF do hI hn. lVfeI df rfh hYY jF sLFqI df. koeI lVfeI
nfl afpxf mqlb kwZdf hY prMqU ies dy Ault koeI sLFqI df rfh
apxf ky guMJlLF df hwl kwZdf hY.
lVfeI nfl Gr qbfh huMdy hn, KLfndfn qbfh huMdy hn, ipMzF dy
ipMz nfs ho jFdy hn, sLihrF dy sLihr awgF dI lpyt ivwc af
jFdy hn. lok GroN byGr ho jFdy hn, aOrqF bwicaF aqy buwiZaF
AuWqy aikh jLulm huMdy hn. dys gLulfm ho jFdy hn. dusLmxI
pwkI qrHF jnm lY lYNdI hY. hAuNmYN nUM rwjvyN pwTy pYNdy hn.
smyN dI cfl puwTf gyVf dyx lwg pYNdI hY. mulkF ivwc gLrIbI
inrMqr pwkI irhfiesL ieKLiqafr kr lYNdI hY. hiQafrF dI dOV
mUMh icVfAuNdI bykfbU ho jFdI hY.
sLFqI df rfh ipafr dI rosLn msfl PV lYNdf hY. guMJlLF df hwl
sLFqI nfl kwiZaf jFdf hY. dosqIaF pwkIaF kIqIaF jFdIaF hn.
lokF dI KLusLhflI leI rfh lwBy jFdy hn. afpsI GrylU JgVy
sLFqI-ipafr dI nINh bxf ky hwl kIqy jFdy hn. srkfrF smJ-sUJ
qoN kMm lY ky myjL dy duaflLy bYT ky sfrIaF smwisafvF dIaF
gMZF KolH lYNdIaF hn. amn lokF dI KLusLhflI dI agvfeI krdf
hY.
ieiqhfisk qwQ mOjUd hn. lok pRfcIn kfl qoN jLulm dI cwkI df
pIhx bxdy af rhy hn. byikrk bfdsLfhF, rfijaF aqy jMgI
izktytrF ny afpxy dys ivwc jF bygfny dysF ivwc jf ky lokF
nUM luwitaf; kqlfm kIqf; aOrqF AuDflIaF; GrF dy Gr, ipMzF dy
ipMz, sLihrF dy sLihr jflLy; aOrqf dy suhfg luwty, bwcy XqIm
bxf idwqy gey afid. iksy kolL koeI jvfb hY ik AuhnF ny ieh
kMm iks KLusLI ivwc kIqf? ikwzf vwzf mKLOl hY ik jI Aus nUM
ijwqF ijwqx df sLOk sI, afpxy rfj nUM vDfAux df sLOk sI!
sfrI dunIaf df isrqfj bxn df sLOk sI! sony dy mhwl Ausfrnf
Aus dI sLfn sI. rfxIaF dy JuMZ rwKxf Aus dI bfdsLfhq sI.
ieiqhfisk qwQF ivwcoN jLulm dIaF kuJ AudfhrnF hfjLr hn:
jUlIas sIjLr, romn jrnYl ny 52 bI[sI[ ivwc aYvrIkm (hux
bUrjs, PLrFs ivwc) ny sfry sLihr dI 40,000 dI sfrI dI sfrI
abfdI df quKLm Auzf idwqf.
qyrHvIN sdI dy mMgol cMgyjL KLfn dy jLulmF nUM kOx nhIN
jfxdf? Auus ny ierfn dy AuWqrI aqy pUrbI Bfg ivwc srbnfs
kIqf. prsLIaf dI afbfdI pwcI lwK qoN Gwt ky ZfeI lwK rih
geI. Aus ny cIn, rus aqy hMgrI ivwc byaMq qbfhI mcfeI.
cOdHvIN sdI dy iqmr lyn (smrkMd df bfdsfh 1369-1405, dwKxI
aqy pwCmI eysLIaf df hmlfvr) ny kqlfm dI nIqI duafrf sLihrF
dI abfdI df Kurf-Koj imtf idwqf. Aus ny 70,000 mnuwKI
KopVIaF df iprfimz bxfAux df hukm idwqf. aMdfjLf lfieaf jFdf
hY ik Aus ny afpxy hmilaF dOrfn krIb 170 lwK lokF dI nsl
kusLI kIqI.
sMn 1793 ivwc vYNzI dy iksfnF ny PLrFs srkfr dy ivruwD
bgLfvq kr idwqI sI. ies bgLfvq dy kuclx dy smyN qwk iewk lwK
lok kql kIqy jf cuwkyy sn. bgLfvq kuclx leI hukm jfrI kIqf
igaf sI ik vYNzIan lokF dI nsl jVHoN puwt idwqI jfey, AuhnF
dy GrF dy insLfn imtf idwqy jfx, AuhnF dy jMgl aqy PLslF
jflL ky suafh kr idwqy jfx.
cIn ivwc qfeIipMg dI bgLfvq (1859-1864) bhuq msLhUr hY.
qfeIipMg iqafngfE ny kuieMg rfj qoN afpxf nfqf qoV ilaf.
dovF ivcfly jMg iCV peI. KyqI-bfVI jflL idwqI geI. sLihrF dy
lokF df KulHyafm kqlfm kIqf igaf. aMdfjLf lfieaf igaf hY ik
dohIN pfsIN do qoN iqMn kroV dy ivcfly lokF aqy PLOjIaF df
kql hoieaf.
dUjI boier jMg (1899-1902) dwKxI aPLrIkf ivwc ibRitsL PLOj
vwloN bxfey iriPLAUjI kYNpF ijnHF nUM bfad ivwc knsYNtrysLn
kYNp ikhf igaf dI alwg khfxI hY. boier dwKxI aPLrIkf dy
‘kyp’ sUby zwc (hflYNz sMbMDI) gorI lokF dI aOlfd dI vsoN sI
ijhVI aPLrIkn BfsLf boldI sI. ibRitsL PLOjIaF ny boier
gurIilaF, boier prvfrF nUM knsYNtrysLn kYNpF ivwc iekwTf kr
ilaf. PLslF aqy Gr jflL idwqy gey. KUhF dy pfxIaF ivwc jLihr
pf idwqI geI. irport anusfr sMn 1901 ivwc jdoN jMg KLqm
hoeI, iehnF kYNpF ivwc 93,940 boier sn. iehnF ivwcoN 27,927
ijnHF ivwc krIb 50% bwcy sn, BuwK, duwK aqy bImfrI ny ingl
ley.
sMn 1936-1939 dOrfn sfry dysLF dy PLfisLstF (Augr
rfsLtrvfdIaF) aqy sosLlistF (smfjvfdIaF) drimafn spyn jMg df
mYdfn bx igaf. jMg 1930 ivaF ivwc lVI geI. ies nUM spyn dI
isvl vfr df nF idwqf igaf.iewk pfsy spyn dI cuxI hoeI
irpbilk srkfr sI ijs dI sovIaq XUnIan mdd kr irhf sI. dUjy
pfsy jrnYl PLrFko PLfisLst izktytr sI ijs dI mdd ihtlr aqy
msolInI kr rhy sn. jrnYl PLrFko jMg ijwq igaf sI ijs ny spyn
AuWqy iewk lMmf arsf rfj kIqf. aMdfjLf lfieaf igaf ik ies
jMg ivwc krIb pMj lwK mOqF hoeIaF. keI ieiqhfskfr ds lwK qwk
dI sMiKaf vI dwsdy hn.
dUjI mhF ivsLv jMg ivwc nfjLIaF vwloN polYNz AuWqyy hmly
ivwc Aus dys dI pMjvF ihwsf abfdI Bfv krIb swT lwK lokF df
kql hoieaf. ies jMg ivwc, sovIaq XUnIan ivwc krIb 270 lwK
mOqF hoeIaF. ies igxqI ivwc 35 lwK rUsI POjIaF dI igxqI vI
sLfml hY ijhVI jrmn jylHF ivwc dm qoV geI.
ies ivsLv jMg (1937-1945) ivwc cIn-jpfn jMg dOrfn Gwto-Gwt
do kroV cInI mfry gey. jpfnIaF ny sLihrI vsnIkF AuWqy byaMq
axmnuwKI jLulm Zfey. sLihrI lokF ivwc 60 lwK ijAUjL 300 lwK
iPLlpIno, mlfeI, ivtnfmI, kMbozIafeI, ieMzonysLIan aqy brmI
lok mfry gey. lokF df mfl-asbfb rwj ky luwitaf igaf.
hIrosLImf aqy nfgfsfkI AuWqy suwty aYtm bMbF dI mhfmfrI dIaF
cIkF, ihMsf df mnuwKqf dy mwQy AuWqy aimt kflLF Dwbf hY.
dujI ivsLv jMg ivwc mOqF dI igxqI df aMdfjLf 40 kroV qoN lY
ky bhwqr kroV qwk lfieaf igaf hY. pihlI ivsLv jMg ivwc
nuksfn df aMdfjLf hY ik do kroV mOqF hoeIaF aqy do kroV ds
lwK jLKLmI hoey.
Bfrq vMz smyN 1947-1948 ivwc iPLrkU dMigaF kfrn mOqF df
ihsfb krIb awsI lwK qoN iewk kroV lfieaf igaf hY.
ilst bhuq vwzI hY. sMKyp qOr AuWqy ihMsf dy krnfmy smJx
vfsqy aYnf hI kfPLI hY.
hfl dy smyN ivwc ierfk, aPLgLfinsqfn, imzl eIst aqy aPLrIkI
dysF ivwc lVfeIaF dy iswty sfzy sfiraF dy sfmHxy hn. Bfrq
ivwc iPLrkU dMigaF kfrn mOqF aqy nuksfn afpF qoN Buwly hoey
nhIN hn. pMjfb ivwc ipCly smyN ivwc kI kuwJ hoieaf, ZkI hI
irwJx idE. sUby dy lokF df ijAuxf hrfm kr idwqf igaf sI. jo
mfry gey, jo AuWjV gey, AuhI hI jfxdy hn. jLulm krn vfilaF
nUM Gtnf bsMqr dyvqf hI idKfeI idMdI hY. rfj kIhny lYxf wqy
kIhny dyxf, afid kfl qoN lokF nUM sB ny luwitaf hI hY, kql
hI kIqf hY, qsIhy hI idwqy hn. iksy ny lok-avfjL nUM pCfixaf
nhIN. gLrIb aqy ivkfsLIl dysF df mOlf hI rfKf hY.
afpxI-afpxI zPlI vjfAux ivwc msrUPL hn. bws, kursI, kursI,
kursI ……
ihMsf jF kho jMg ny lokF df koeI kMm nhIN sMvfiraf isvfey
qbfhI dy. lokF sfmHxy mslf hY. afpxy hwk hfsl krn leI lok
ihMsf df rfh apxfAux jF ik aihMsf df. ihMsfvfdI jyqU kfql
huMdy hn. dyiKaf igaf hY ik Auh afpxy rfj ivwc vI ihMsf dI
nIqI apxf ky rfj clfAuNdy hn. ivroDIaF nUM ihMsf rfhIN
dbfieaf jFdf hY. lok-avfjL df glLf Guwt idwqf jFdf hY. AuhI
cwkr iPr sLurU - jLulm, jLulm! jLulm df tfkrf ihMsf nfl. iPr
AuhI cfl. hlt df iPr AuhI gyVf. ihMsf df qrIkf lok pwKI sfbq
nhIN hoieaf hY. afm lok kql huMdy hn, brbfd huMdy hn aqy
iswty vI aKLIr ivwc lok ivroDI hI inkldy hn. pwqybfjL lIzr
afpxI cfl ivwc kfmXfb ho jFdy hn. pwqybfjL juMzlI rfj kfiem
krdI hY aqy hmysLF lokF dIaF awKF ivwc Gwtf pfky rfj kfiem
rwKdI hY. lok-rfj idKfvy df huMdf hY. ZONg qoN isvf hor kuJ
nhIN.
iPr dUjf rfh aihMsfvfdI hY. ieh vfd zUMGI soc-ivcfr dI mMg
krdf hY. dyKxf hY ik kI ieh vfd lokF leI PLfiedymMd sfbq ho
skdf hY? soc lE, smF hY.
PLon: (780) 989 - 2977
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