afE kMipAUtr iswKIey
- ikrpfl isMG pMnUM
 

(ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ijwQy bhuq hI imlxsfr, inwGf,KLrf, swcf, dUijaF dy kMm afAux dy cfa nfl nwko-nwk Biraf diraf idl iensfn hY EQy Auh sKLq imhnqI aqy kmfl dy isrVH df mflk vI hY. Aus ivc nvF iswKx aqy isrjx dI zuwlH zuwlH pYNdI lgn vI hY. iesy lgn ivcoN hI Ausny ipCly lgBg zyZ dhfky dI imhnq nfl kMipAUtr dy KLyqr ivc nvyN rfh qlfsLx leI Xqn arMBy hn aqy ies ivc sPLlqf vI pRfpq kIqI hY. ies KLyqr ivc sB qoN vDyry qy vwzI dyx hY Aus vwloN sLfhmuKI qy gurmuKI PONtF df qbfdlf krn dI ivDI nUM lwBxf aqy ies pfsy nvIN Koj leI afDfr iqafr krnf. huxy hI Ausny ‘buwZy qoiqaF nUM kMipAUtr isKfAux leI’ pMjfbI ivc iek pusqk ilKI hY, ‘afE kMipAUtr iswKIey’. ies pusqk ivc bVI hI muhfrq nfl Ausny asloN hI axjfx kMipAUtr isiKafrQIaF dI sOKy qy srl aMdfjL ivc agvfeI kIqI hY. Ausdf ivsLvfs hY ik jy Aus vrgf kMipAUtr qoN asloN axjfx ivakqI kMipAUtr iswK aqy ies ivc nvF isrj skdf hY qF dUjy lok Blf ikAuN nhIN iswK skdy! asl ivc aijhf afK ky Auh hryk bMdy ivc nvF iswK skx dI lukI smrwQf ivc AuhnF df ivsLvfs bMnHfAuNdf hY.
asIN AuhnF dI pusqk nUM lVIvfr Cfpx df PLYslf kIqf hY. AumId hY ‘sIrq’ dy kMipAUtr dy nvyN isiKafrQI ies qoN jLrUr lfB AuTfAuxgy-sMpfdk)

kuJ sLbd
mYN iekfhÙtvyN sfl `c sF jdoN kMipAUtr dy lV lwgf. lV lfAux vflf sI kMipAUtr df ‘BfeI GnweIaf’ ikrpfl isMG pMnUM. Aus ny kMipAUtr dy pMjfbIkrn df sdfvrq lf rwiKaf hY ijs df anykF loVvMdF ny lfhf ilaf hY. ies pusqk nfl pMjfbI jfxn vfly Auh isKFdrU vI Gr bYTy kMipAUtr iswK skxgy ijhVy iksy kfrn kMipAUtr dIaF bfkfiedf klfsF nhIN lf skdy. ieh kMipAUtr dy nvyN isiKafrQIaF leI qohPLf hY.
mYN kMipAUtr iswKx dIaF koeI klfsF nhIN sI lfeIaF. pMnUM dy sMprk ivc afAux ipwCoN Aus dy dwsy nukiqaF nfl hI swq awT sflF `c afpxIaF swq awT ikqfbF KLud kMpojL XfnI tfeIp kIqIaF hn. ipClI Aumr `c kMipAUtr df mYnUM bVf suK ho igaf hY qy myrf rItfier hoxf cMgy pfsy lwg igaf hY. kMipAUtr dy sfQ ivc lwgdf hI nhIN ik mYN buwZf ho irhF jF koeI afhr nhIN irhf. ieMtrnYWt rfhIN myry leI kul dunIaf nUM vyKx dI bfrI KuwlH geI hY. eI-myl sfrI dunIaf df sFJf zfkKfnf hY ijQy dysL ivdysL dI ilKq pVHq plF ivc afAuNdI jFdI hY.
pYNqI ku sfl pRoPYsrI qy ipRMsIplI krn ipwCoN asIN mIaF bIvI afpxy puwqr pfs kYnyzf af gey sF. myry kol kfPI ivhl sI jo mYN qory Pyry ivc lfAuNdf. jo kuJ aKLbfrF rsfilaF nUM ilK ky Byjdf sMpfdkF nUM tfeIp krvfAux dI musLkl afAuNdI qy kdy kdy ilKq Cpxo rih jFdI jF pCV ky CpdI. klm nfl ilKdf irhf hox krky mYN smJdf sF ik iliKaf isrP klm nfl hI jf skdY. jsvMq isMG kMvl kol ipMz ZuwzIky afey blrfj sfhnI df afpxy hwQIN afpxf sPLrnfmf tfeIp kIqf sux ky mYN bVf hYrfn hoieaf sF ik lyKk afpxI rcnf iswDI hI tfeIp ikvyN kr lYNdy ny? mYN ies BulyKy df isLkfr sF ik sfihqk ilKq isrP klm nfl hI ilKI jf skdI hY.
ipRMsIpl dI pdvI qoN rItfier ho ky 2001 `c mYN kYnyzf dy sLihr brYNptn afieaf qF ikrpfl isMG pMnUM nfl myrf myl gyl hoxf sLurU hoieaf. Aus ny mYnUM pRyrnf idwqI ik mYN kMipAUtr `qy tfeIp krnf iswK lvF pr mYN smJdf sF ik buwZy qoqy vI kdy pVHy ny? nfly tfeIp iswKxf qF mYnUM bhuq hI dusLvfr kfrj lwgdf sI. mYN qF tI[ vI[ dy irmot kMtrol qy mobfeIl Pon dy btn vI Buwl jFdf sF. pr pMnUM ny mYnUM ivsLvfs bnHfieaf ik ieh bVf sOKf kMm hY qy Auh do cfr idnF ivc hI isKf dyvygf.
Auh swcmuwc hI kmfl df Ausqfd sfbq hoieaf. anmMny mn vfly sLigrd nUM vI kMipAUtr iswKx lf ilaf. iqMnF chuM idnF `c mYN kMipAUtr dI muwZlI jfxkfrI dy nfl hOlI hOlI tfeIp krn lwg ipaf. ilKdf qF mYN klm nfl vI hOlI-hOlI sF qy kMipAUtr Auqy vI hOlI-hOlI hI tfeIp krdf hF pr myrf loVINdf kMm hoeI jFdf hY. hr rojL hjLfr pMdrF sO lPLjL ilK leIdy hn. ieEN myrf ilKx df kfrj vI hoeI jFdf hY qy jIa vI lwgf rihMdf hY. ieMtrnYWt ny qF sony qy suhfgy vflI gwl kIqI hY. pMjfb dy aKLbfr GrF `c ajy phuMcy nhIN huMdy ik mYN torFto bYTf pihlF hI vYWbsfeIt qoN pVH lYNdf hF. mYnUM vzyrI Aumr skfrQI lwgx lwg peI hY. lwgdY kuJ sfl vwD jIvFgf. jIvn df Byq vI ieho hY ik bMdf afhry lwgf rvHy qF vwD ijAUNdY.
mYN afpxy qjrby qoN sfry hI mfVy moty pVHy ilKy qy KLfs kr ky ivhly bMidaF nUM slfh dyvFgf ik kMipAUtr dy lV lwgo. hux qF kMipAUtr vI Gr Gr afeI jf rhy hn qy pihlF nfloN ssqy hn. torFto ivc pMnUM horIN mfq BfsLf pMjfbI dI insLkfm syvf kridaF kMipAUtr qy pMjfbI isKfAux dIaF klfsF lfAuNdy rhy hn. klfsF lfAux dI koeI PIs nhIN sI. vzyrI Aumr dy anykF isKFdrUaF ny ies df lfB ilaf. AunHF dI mMg Auqy mYN hI jLor pf ky pMnUM nUM ikhf sI ik pMjfbI ivc kMipAUtr iswKx dI koeI aYsI ikqfb ilKo ijhVI Gwt piVHaF nUM vI kMipAUtr isKf sky. mYnUM KLusLI hY ik Aus ny ieh pusqk ‘kMipAUtr df AUVf afVf’ ilK idwqI hY. ies ivc bVy srl ZMg nfl kMipAUtr dI afm vrqoN dy nukqy dwsy gey hn. ieh nvyN isKFdrUaF leI gfeIz df kMm kr skdI hY.
ikrpfl isMG pMnUM pMjfbI kMipAUtr df Cuipaf rusqm hY. Aus dI pRiqBf qy Gflxf nUM hfly qk gOilaf nhIN igaf. aYn AuvyN ijvyN vxjfrf bydI pMjfbI lok Dfrf dy phfV nfl mwQf mfrdf irhf pr iksy sMsQf ny Aus vwl iDafn nf idwqf. Auhdy kUc kr jfx qoN bfad Auhdf kIqf kMm vyK ky ivdvfn dMg hn. jykr Koj sMsQfvF AuhnUM ijAUNdy jIa sihXog idMdIaF qF lok Dfrf dy Aus Pirhfd qoN ikqy vwD kMm krvf lYNdIaF. nfBy dy mhfrfjy ny shUlqF dy ky hI BfeI kfnH isMG qoN mhfn kosL dI rcnf krvfeI sI.
sfzy pMjfbIaF kol pRiqBf dI Gft nhIN pr asIN Aus dI smyN isr pCfx nhIN krdy. keI vfr bVy pRiqBfvfn ivakqI axgOly rih jFdy hn jd ik AunHF aMdr bhuq kuJ krn dIaF sMBfvnfvF CupIaF huMdIaF hn. sMsQfvF dI shfieqf qoN ibnF AunHF dy inwjI qOr `qy kIqy Xqn sImq pwDr `qy rih jFdy hn. bfad ivc pCqfvf huMdf hY ik aijhy swjxF qoN hor vI vzyry kfrj krfAux leI AunHF nUM bxdf srdf sihXog ikAuN nf idwqf igaf? ikqy ds bfrF sfl pihlF pMjfb dI iksy ividak sMsQf vwloN ikrpfl isMG pMnUM nUM kMipAUtr dy pMjfbIkrn df pRojYkt idwqf huMdf qF hux qk hor vI bhuq kuC ho igaf huMdf.
pMnUM sfzy kol kMipAUtr df aYsf afsLk hY ijs nUM kMipAUtr dy pMjfbIkrn df Pirhfd ikhf jf skdY. pr Auh afpxy hI qysy nfl phfV kwtx izhY. DMn hY Aus dI lgn qy slfm hY Aus dy isrV nUM ik `kwlf hI rfh bxfeI jf irhY. AuNj zr hY ik Auh aDvfty nf rih jfvy. ies leI loV hY Aus nUM sMBflx dI qy Aus qoN hor vI XfdgfrI kfrj krvfAux dI.
ipRMsIplI qoN irtfier ho ky meI 2001 `c jdoN mYN torFto puwjf qF iek idn iekbfl rfmUvflIaf, prmjIq sMDU qy blrfj idEl horF dI mihPLl ivc jfx df mOkf imilaf ijs ivc pMnUM vI sLfml sI. AuQy kMipAUtr rfhIN pMjfbI ivc kMm krn dIaF gwlF cwl peIaF. Auh sfry iekmwq sn ik ies islisly ivc jo kMm pMnUM sfihb kr rhy ny Auh kmfl df hY. koeI Aus nUM kMipAUtr df DMnf jwt kih irhf sI qy koeI kMipAUtr df BfeI GnweIaf.
mYnUM dwisaf igaf ik pMnUM ny aYsf knvrtr iqafr kIqf hY ijs nfl Auh gurmuKI ilpI nUM sLfhmuKI qy sLfhmuKI ilpI nUM gurmuKI ivc bdl idMdf hY. mYN kMipAUtr qoN axjfx sF qy hYrfn sF ik ieh ikvyN ho skdY? mYN ikhf, jy ieh ho jfvy qF cVHdy qy lihMdy pMjfb dy pMjfbI sfihq drimafn pul Ausr jfvy. bolF dI sFJ qF bxI hI hoeI hY ilKx dI sFJ vI bx jfvy. Ausy vyly pMnUM ny knvrtr dI kfrgujLfrI ivKfAux leI mYnUM afpxy Gr afAux df swdf dy idwqf.
agly idn mYN pMnUM dy Gr igaf. mYN ieh jlvf afpxI awKIN vyKxf cfhuMdf sF ik ilpIaF ikvyN bdl jFdIaF hn? pMnUM ny ikhf ik mYN pMjfbI ivc kuJ ilKfvF. mYN bfbf PrId df slok boilaf-glIeyN icwkV dUr Gr[[[. monItr dI skrIn Auqy Auh gurmuKI ivc tfeIp kr ilaf igaf. iPr Aus ny kIa borz dI klf dwb ky gurmuKI nUM sLfhmuKI ivc bdlx df afdysL idwqf. pl Br lkIrF nwcIaF qy bfbf PrId df slok sLfhmuKI ivc Zl igaf. vfikaf eI ieh kmfl dI kfrIgrI sI. iehdf ishrf BfvyN hux pMjfbI XUnIvristI df kMipAUtr ivBfg afpxy isr bMnHI iPry pr mY meI 2001 df csLmdId gvfh hF ik iehdf muwZlf kfZU ikrpfl isMG pMnUM hY. gurmuKI qy sLfhmuKI drimafn pihlf pul ikrpfl isMG pMnUM ny Ausfiraf hY.
AuWdx hI pqf lwgf peI pMnUM sfry gurU gRMQ sfihb nUM ds bfrF GMitaF ivc gurmuKI awKrF qoN sLfhmuKI awKrF ivc bdl skdf hY. Auh sLfhmuKI ivc ilKy kurfn sLrIPL nUM gurmuKI rUp vI dy skdf hY. ies nfl gurmuKI dI koeI vI ikqfb sLfhmuKI jfxn vfly pVH skdy hn qy sLfhmuKI dI ikqfb gurmuKI jfxn vfly pVH skdy hn. ieh cVHdy qy lihMdy pMjfb dy pMjfbI pfTkF leI ikRsLmy vrgI gwl hY.
kMipAUtr dy pMjfbIkrn ivc gurmuKI PONt Dury df kMm krdI hY. ikrpfl isMG pMnUM dI eIjfd kIqI DnI rfm cfiqRk PONt hr pwKoN sMpUrn hY. torFto dy sfry pMjfbI aKLbfr iesy PONt ivc Cpdy hn. AuNj gurmuKI dIaF anykF PONtF vjUd ivc af cuwkIaF hn qy loV hY ik ieko PONt df imafrIkrn kr ky gurmuKI df imafrI kIa borz iqafr kIqf jfvy.
pMnUM qF ieh vI kihMdf hY ik kMipAUtr rfhIN aMgryjLI qoN pMjfbI qy pMjfbI qoN aMgryjLI ivc qrjmf vI kIqf jf skdf hY. klpnf kro ik ikMny lwK lok ies df lfB lYxgy qy aMgryjLI df ikMnf ivsLfl igafn aMgryjLI qoN axjfx pMjfbI ipafiraF dI phuMc ivc hovygf? ieMtrnYWt `qy af rhI aQfh jfxkfrI nUM pMjfbI ivc ipRMt kr ilaf jfieaf krygf.
ikrpfl isMG pMnUM bVf isrVI kfmf hY. rojL ds bfrF GMty kMipAUtr nfl KhuJI jfxf Auhdf iesLk hY. Aus df kihxf hY ik dunIaF df koeI kfrj nhIN ijhVf kMipAUtr nf kr skdf hovy. isrPL sfDn cfhIdy hn ijnHF nfl kfrj sMpUrn hox. pMnUM ny afpxy inwjI XqnF nfl nf isrP kMipAUtr dI pMjfbI leI vrqoN suKYx kIqI hY blik vwzI igxqI ivc hmHfqVF qumHfqVF nUM kMipAUtr dy lV lfieaf hY. Aus nUM iksy pRkfr dI mfnqf dI koeI lflsf nhIN. Auh insLkfm syvk hY. zI[ afr[ cfiqRk PONt df Aus ny lMgr lf rwiKaf hY. AuhdI syvf BfeI GnweIey vrgI hY. jo jIa afvy so rfjLI jfvy. Auh cfhuMdf qF gurmuKI-sLfhmuKI knvrtr nfl jybF Br skdf sI ijvyN ik AuhdI hI nkl kr ky keI XUnIvristIey ‘ivdvfn’ Brn lwg pey ny!
kdy Auh Bfrq ivc bfrzr sikAuirtI Pors df kmFzYNt huMdf sI. Aus df jnm 1936 ivc rfVf sfihb nyVy ipMz ktfhrI ivc hoieaf sI. Auh hfkI df iKzfrI sI. Aus ny igafnI rfhIN bI[ ey[ kIqI sI. 1990 dy krIb Auh kYnyzf af igaf. bwicaF ny kMipAUtr dI AuWc iswiKaf pRfpq kIqI hoeI sI ijs krky Gr ivc kMipAUtr pey sn. GroN hI Aus nUM kMipAUtr dI jfg lwgI. iPr Aus ny afpxI sfrI ivhl qy pRiqBf kMipAUtr dI kfrIgrI krn ivc Jok idwqI qy iswty sfhmxy hn. hux iksy df kMipAUtr ibmfr ho jfvy qF Auh vYd rogIaF df bx ky bhuVdf hY. iksy ny kMipAUtr dI jfc iswKxI hovy qF Auh hr vyly hfjLr hY. koeI vI svflI hovy Auhdy kMipAUtrI msly df hwl krn leI Auh hmysLF qqpr huMdf hY.
awj kwlH Auhdf zyrf brYNptn ivc hY. Auh klmF dy kfPLly ivc jFdf hY qy pMjfbI BfeIcfry dIaF gqIivDIaF dI sfr rwKdf hY. kMipAUtr bfry Aus dy lyK aKLbfrF `c Cpdy qy vYWbsfeItF `qy afAuNdy rihMdy ny. Auh afpxy kMm ivc mgn hY. bolbfxI ivc nrmI qy suBfa ivc imlxsfrI hY. nf koeI aYb hY qy nf svfb. iksy dy kMm af ky Auh ijMnI KLusLI mihsUs krdY AunI afpxf kMm krf ky nhIN. ieho kfrn hY ik Auh iksy qoN kuC mMgdf nhIN. pr Aus dy icqvy hoey pRojYkt kfPI vwzy hn qy Krcf vI mMgdy hn. ieh qF smrwQ swjxF nUM socxf cfhIdY ik ikrpfl isMG pMnUM vrgy Pirhfd qoN kMipAUtr df phfV ikvyN putfAuxf hY? afpxf qysf qF Auh clfeI hI jFdf hY qy AudoN qk clfAuNdf rhygf jdoN qk nYx pRfx kfiem hn.-( ipRM: srvx isMG)

afm jfxkfrI aqy afrMB
kMipAUtr mfnv dy shfiek vjoN iewk vDIaf msLIn iswD hoieaf hY. ieh msLIn sMsfr dy anykF kMm kr skdI hY. ijhVf kMm ies kolLoN krvfAuxf hovy, Auh ikvyN krvfAuxf hY, ieh vrqoNkfr nUM afAuxf cfhIdf hY. ies nUM kmFz dyx dI loV hY qy ieh ibjlfxU msLIn GMitaF df kMm plF ivwc inbyV idMdI hY. hYrfnI dI gwl qF ieh hY ik ieqnI sLkqIsflI msLIn ivwc suDfr krn leI anykF mhfn qknIkI mfihr idn pur rfq awj vI juty hoey hn, qy AunHF ny afpxI iewCf dy kfrj ies qoN krvf vI ley hn, iPr vI ieh msLIn rhI anpVH dI anpVH.
awj df anpVH qoN anpVH ivakqI vI sO qIkr dI igxqI qF jfxdf hI hovygf. pr ieh msLIn jLIro aqy iewk qoN awgy jfxdI hI kwK nhIN. hYrfnI huMdI hY ies dI spIz AuWqy ijs dy sdkf ieh ienHF jLIro iewk dy do aMkF dy sumyl nflL hI arbF KrbF dy ihsfb ikqfb plF ivwc hI shI kr jFdI hY.
asl ivwc swc qF ieh hY ik ieh jLIro aqy iewk nUM vI nhIN smJdI. ies dI kfrj krn dI ivDI qF ieh hY ik iesdy igxqI imxqI prbMD ivwc jy ibjlI nhIN jf rhI qF ies leI jLIro (0) hY qy jy jf rhI hY qF ies leI iewk (1) hY.
kMipAUtr sfzy inwq vrqoN dy igxqI dy dsLmlv prbMD dI QF afpxy nvykly bfienrI (do dUxI cfr, cfr dUxI awT, awT dUxI solLF …) dy prbMD nflL ihsfb ikqfb krdf hY.
ivigafnI qF ieh vI kihMdy hn ik asIN psLUaF, pMCIaF nflL vI gwlF kr skdy hF aqy pMCI sfzy nflL vI. kyvl sfzI aqy psU pMCIaF dIaF dohF bolIaF dy ivwc iewk aYsI msLIn dI loV hY jo mnuwKI BfsLf nUM pMCIaF dI BfsLf ivwc aqy pMCIaF dI BfsLf nUM mnuwKI BfsLf ivwc bdl dyvy jF anuvfd kr dyvy. clo iksy idn ajyhI msLIn vI bx jfeygI.
vrqoNkfr jLIro iewk aqy kMipAUtr dy prbMD ivwc ibjleI lihr jfx jF nFh jfx dI ivDI nflL afpxf sMvfd Aus nflL rcfAuNdf hY qy mn cfihaf PlL pfAuNdf hY. bws ieqnI ku gwl nflL sfry jhfn ivwc kMipAUtr dI bwly bwly hoeI jFdI hY qy Aus dIaF Gr Gr khfxIaF qurI jFdIaF hn.
asl ivwc huMdf ieh hY ik vrqoNkfr kMipAUtr nUM koeI kMm idMdf hY. ijs nUM ien puwt (kMm dyxf) ikhf jFdf hY. kMipAUtr ien puwt dI syD AuWqy prosYWisMg XUint ivwc afpxIaF igxqIaF imxqIaF krdf hY aqy kfrj pUrf krn dy rUp ivwc iswty (afAUt puwt) dy idMdf hY.
muwK qOr AuWqy ieh gwl iDafn ivwc rwKx dI loV hY ik asIN ien puwt kIaborz rfhIN idMdy hF aqy afAUt puwt mfnItr AuWqy dyKdy hF. kMipAUtr dy mn aMdr kI Bfxf vrqdf hY? sfzy leI ieh socx df ajy vylLf nhIN hY.
kMipAUtr qoN kMm lYx leI Aus nUM afn (pwbF Bfr) krnf pYNdf hY. ies sfry sYWt Bfv kMipAUtr, kI borz, mfAUs aqy mfnItr nUM afn krn leI muwK qOr AuWqy iqMn sivwc dbfAuxy pYNdy hn. pihlf kMipAUtr df myn pfvr nflL joVn vflLf sivwc. dUjf kMipAUtr df afpxf sivwc. ies nflL kMipAUtr nflL juVy hoey aqy icVHI dI cog ijMnIN ku ibjlI cugx vflLy kIa borz aqy mfAUs afpxy afp hI cflU ho jFdy hn. kMipAUtr BfvyN afm qOr qy tybl dy Qwly luwikaf bYTf huMdf hY pr Aus df afn/afP sivwc sOiKaF hI lwB pYNdf hY. qIsrf mfnItr df sivwc.
ikAuNik kMipAUtr afrfm avsQf ivwc huMdf hY, qy sivwc dwbx nflL Auh gqIsLIl huMdf hY, ies kfrj dI pUrqI ivwc kuwJ ku smF lwg jFdf hY. jo smF kMipAUtr dI afpxI inwjI gqI (rPqfr) anusfr Gwt jF vwD ho skdf hY. ies nUM bUt krnf kihMdy hn. jdoN kMipAUtr afpxy sfry jLrUrI kMm inbyV ky iqafr br iqafr ho jFdf hY iPr Auh vrqoNkfr dy ienpuwt dI AuzIk krdf hY.
kMipAUtr sYWt nUM cflU aqy bUt kr lYx ipwCoN, afpxf aslI kMm afrMB krn qoN pihloN vrqoNkfr leI ajy kuwJ hor kMm krny bfkI huMdy hn. asIN ieh mMn ky cwldy hF ik iewk nvF vrqoNkfr iewk nvyN kMipAUtr AuWqy afpxy anBv nUM pihlI vfr nvF-nvF ilKx lwgf hY.

Auh kfrvfeI ies prkfr krnI peygI: mfAUs nflL stfrt kilwk >(iPr) mfeIkro sOPt vrz kilwk > PfeIl kilwk (not: awgy nUM jy qIr isry swjy nUM hox qF AunHF nUM kilwk smJ ilaf jfvy) >(iPr) syv aYj >(iPr) krIeyt inAU Polzr >(iPr) Aus nUM afpxf nfm (ijvyN ik ikrpfl isMG pMnUM) dy ky E ky kro >(iPr) PfeIl nym ivwc afpxI PfeIl df nfm tfeIp kro (ijvyN ik ipqf nUM pwqr) >(iPr) syv kro.
hux qusIN ies PfeIl ivwc afpxI iewCf anusfr tfeIp kr skdy ho.
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2[ clfAuxf qy bMd krnf

jdoN vI kMipAUtr AuWqy afpxf koeI kMm krnf hovy qF Aus leI kMipAUtr nUM loVINdy hukm (ienpuwt) dyxy pYNdy hn. afm kMm krn leI asIN afpxy kMipAUtr nUM bhuqy hukm kIa borz rfhIN aqy mfAUs rfhIN hI idMdy hF. so ikEN nf pihlF kuwJ ku muZly hukmF dI ivDI dI gwl kr leI jfvy.
ijvyN pihlF dwisaf jf cuwkf hY ik myn pfvr df, kMipAUtr df aqy mfnItr df sivwc afn krn ipwCoN, kuwJ ku imMtF sikMtF dI AuzIk ipwCoN kMipAUtr bUt kr lYNdf hY, Bfv kMm krn leI iqafr ho jFdf hY. iPr asIN aglI kfrvfeI afrMB krdy hF. Xfd rhy ik koeI vI ienpuwt krn vylLy jy kfhlLI nflL kMipAUtr nUM keI hukm iekwTy hI dy idwqy jfx qF Auh bONdlL jFdf hY aqy ruk (stwk) jFdf hY. kdI-kdI kMipAUtr iksy kfrn kr ky DImI (sloa) gqI nflL cwldf hY aqy asIN bysbry ho ky Aus nUM kmFz qy kmFz dyeI jFdy hF. qF vI kMipAUtr stwk kr jFdf hY. so kmFz dy ky Aus dI pUrqI dI AuzIk krn ivwc hI isafxp hY.
kMm krn anusfr kuwJ ku muZlIaF kmFzF ies prkfr hn:
iblkuwl nvF zfkUmYSt (pypr) KolHx leI mfAUs nUM stfrt AuWqy lY jfE (ieh kfrj pihly Bfg ivwc qsvIrF smyq smJfieaf jf cuwkf hY) qy kilwk kro > mfeIkro sOPt vrz zfkUmYSt qy jf ky kilwk kro.
afpxf purfxf zfkUmYSt KolHxf hovy qF, stfrt > mfeI zfkUmYSt > afpxf Polzr zbl kilwk > afpxI PfeIl zbl kilwk. not, jy mfeI zfkUmYSt pihloN hI zYsk tOp AuWqy ipaf hovy qF: mfeI zfkUmYSt zbl kilwk > afpxf Polzr zbl kilwk> afpxI PfeIl zbl kilwk kro. quhfzI purfxI PfeIl KuwlH jfiegI.
syv aYjL (jo kyvl pihlI vfr nvyN nfm nflL kIqf jFdf hY, ies ivwc Polzr vI nvF ho skdf hY): PfeIl > syv aYjL> afpxf Polzr > nvIN PfeIl df nfm tfeIp kro > syv jF aYStr kro.
syv (jo vfr-vfr kIqf jFdf hY. qF ik acfnk kMipAUtr bMd ho jfx nflL kIqf hoieaf kMm ivarQ nf cilaf jfey. ies ivwc PfeIl df nfm aqy Polzr df pihlf nfm hI rihMdf hY.): PfeIl > syv. Xfd rhy jy iksy kfrn bs ijvyN iksy bwcy dy acfnk pfvr btn dwbx nflL jF ibjlI dy iksy kfrn bMd ho jfx nflL jF vrqoNkfr dy gLlqI nflL pfvr btn bMd krn nflL kMipAUtr afpxy afp bMd ho jfvy qF kyvl syv kIqf hoieaf hI kfrj bfkI bcdf hY. Aus qoN ipwCoN df kfrj ivarQ jf skdf hY. BfvyN ik progrfmrF ny kuwJ nf kuwJ hor vI bcf lYx df prbMD kIqf hY, iPr vI cMgI afdq ieho hI hY ik vrqoNkfr smyN smyN syv krn dI sMKyp kIa kMtrOl + aYWs dbf ky syv krdf rhy.
syv krn leI sMKyp (sLOrt) kwt kIa: kMtrOl (sItIafraYWl) + aYWs. plws insLfn df Bfv hY ik kMtrOl nUM dwbI rwKo qy aYWs nUM iewk vfr dwb ky Cwz dyvo. iPr kMtrOl nUM vI Cwz dyvo.
afpxf kMm Kqm kr lYx ipwCoN kMipAUtr nUM bMd krn leI kfrvfeI ies prkfr kIqI jFdI hY: afpxy zfkUmYSt nUM syv krky bMd kr dyvo. zfkUmYSt bMd krn leI keI ivDIaF hn aqy sB qoN sOKI hY mfnItr dy AuWprly swjy kony ivwc lfl zwbI vflLy icwty kfty nUM lYPt mfAUs df iewk vyr kilwk kr ky. nhIN qF PfeIl mInUM qy jf ky kloj jF aYgijwt df btn dbf ky kIqf jf skdf hY. jy iewk qoN ijafdf zfkUmYSt jF progrfm KuwlHy hoey hox qF iPr iesy ivDI nflL iewk-iewk kr ky sfry bMd kr idwqy jfx.
ies qoN ipwCoN stfrt AuWqy jf ky lYWPt kilwk kro. iPr Qwly lfl rMg dI zwbI vflLf icwtf btn ‘trn afP kMipAUtr’ dbfE. iPr iqMn btnF vflLI iewk nvIN iKVkI KuwlH jfiegI. ivckfrlf lfl zwbI vflLf ‘trn afP’ btn dbfE. kMipAUtr afpxy afp sfry zfkUmYSt bMd kr ky aqy afpxy isstm nUM ‘anbUt’ krky afpy hI bMd ho jfeygf. jdoN qIkr kMipAUtr bMd nf ho jfvy Aus vylLy qIkr myn pfvr bMd nf kro. nhIN qF Aus df ‘anbUt’ df kMm aDUrf rih jfeygf aqy Auh TIk ZMg nflL nhIN hovygf. kdI kdfeIN ieh Buwl ho jfx nflL kMipAUtr nUM koeI Prk nhIN pYNdf pr ies nUM iewk afdq nhIN bxf lYxf cfhIdf. kMipAUtr afP ho jfx ipwCoN hI mfnItr aqy myn nUM bMd kro.(cldf)
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