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suÉn surjIq pfqr dy / ÈIÈy qy ichry

 

- surjIq pfqr

krdy gfÜF df ijQy siqkfr lokIN

 

- ajmyr isMG aOlK

qUMbI dI qux qux

 

- iekbfl rfmUvflIaf

dyÈ Bgq XfdÊfr hfl dI qfkq

 

- virafm isMG sMDU

bdly rMg smyN dy / murgI pwg bx geI

 

- bUtf isMG cOhfn

knyzIan BvjlF ‘c goqy KFdf, ruVHdf jFdf - cfcf mfnF

 

- ipRMspl blkfr isMG bfjvf

ijgr df tukVf

 

- rmxIk sMDU

kYnyzf ivWc pSjfbI nftk

 

- iqRlocn isSG igWl

buwZy diraf df BYa

 

- suKdyv iswDU

adfkfrI dy Kyqr ‘c cmkdy icrfgL – blqyj iswDU qy jsivMdr bwbU

 

- gurpRIq mfn

iPlm ngrI dy XfdF dy JroKy ‘coN

 

- nvdIp sihdyv

pRvfsI khfxI

 

- kuljIq mfn

glp dy aMg sMg

 

- svrn cMdn

pMjfbI df swiqafnfs

 

- amrjIq cMdn

nËm / dsvMD-iekvMD

 

- AuNkfrpRIq

lihMdy pMjfb qoN musLqfk sUPLI dIaF pMj kivqfvF

 

- afisP muhMmd

khfxI lihMdy pMjfb qoN / ikwsf gunfh svfb df

 

- krnl nfidr awlI

afE kMipAUtr iswKIey

 

- ikrpfl isMG pMnUM

iewk bflVI do pqfsy

 

- mihMdr isMG srnf

afp dIaF kuwJ bfp dIaF

 

- jI[ iswDU[ ihMmqpurf

bMigaF ivwc hoey ienklfbI kvI-drbfr dI iewk Jwlk

 

- sMqoK isMG sMqoK

‘kfl pihr GVIaF’ df kfiv-sMsfr

 

- zfktr dyivMdr kOr

ky nyVY ky dUir-(Puwl bxy aMigafr)

 

- gurnfm iZwloN

ikAuN??

 

- rmndIp kOr sMDr

nqfsLf dI VysLmF

 

- iekbfl mfhl

nIly qfiraF dI mOq

 

- joigMdr kYroN

imMnI khfxIaF

 

- ਅਰਸ਼ਦ ਮਹਿਮੂਦ ਨੰਦਨ

kI jfxF mYN kOx

 

- kulivMdr Kihrf

isznI ivc igafnI sMqoK isMG jI df snmfn

 

- hrdIp isMG

nO-KMz- ipRQvI

 

- hrpfl isMG ksUr

ਸ਼ਰਧਾ jF ਅਗਿਆਨਤਾ

 

- ਗੁਰਸ਼ਰਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਕਸੇਲ

nftk “buwlHf” dI pysLkfrI

quhfzy KLq

 


pMjfbI df swiqafnfs
- amrjIq cMdn
 

 

Èbd dy pUurx igafn qy shI vrqoN nfÜ lok-prlok dIaF iewCfvF pUrIaF huMdIaF hn. – pfqMjlI
The duties of a writer as a writer and a citizen are not the same. The only duty a writer has as a citizen is to defend language. And this is a political duty. Because, if language is corrupted, thought is corrupted.
– WH Auden –

 myrI qklIÌ ies ilKq dy isrlyK c pRqwK hY. mYN apxI gwl amrIkI kfÜI ilKfrn tonI mOrIsn dy 1993 c nobyl ienfm lYx vyly kIqy BfÈx nfÜ ÈurU krdf hF, jo sfrf bolI dy suhj qy kuhj bfry hY. mOrIsn dI aMgryËI sur hoey sfË vFÕ hY - ieh Esy bolI c hI pVHn qy suxn vfÜI hY. pMjfbI c Auh gwl nhIN bxnI; pr hor koeI cfrf vI qF nhIN. BfÈx ieMj ÈurU huMdf hY:
koeI buVHI huMdI sI. aMnHI. aklmMd. do bwcy ieh Dfr ky buVHI koÜ gey ik clo iehƒ iTwT krIey. muMzf kihx lwgf - buVHIey, myry hwQ c icVI aY, dws mrI aY i

cMdn dy byty sukFq vloN 5 sfl dI Aumr ivc (1983)bxfieaf cMdn df skYWc

k jIAuNdI?- buVHI awgoN cuwp. Auhƒ qF kuÈ vI nf sI dIhdf. muMzy ny Pyr EhI gwl puwCI. pr ijhVI gwl muMizaF dy iZwz c sI, Auh buVHI dy nhuMaF c sI. Auh Pyr vI cuwp rhI. muMzy ihVihV krn lwgy. buVHI koÜoN irhf nf igaf - mYN nf jfxf, qyry hwQ c PVI icVI mrI aY ik jIAuNdI? pr ieh hY qyry hwQF c.
mOrIsn dI eys bfq df mqlb ieh hY - jy icVI mrI hoeI hY, jF qF quhfƒ lwBI hI mrI hoeI sI jF qusIN iehƒ mfr idwqY. jy ieh jIAuNdI hY, qF qusIN hfly vI iehƒ mfr skdy ho. qusIEN jfxo ik iehƒ jIAuNdI rihx dyxY jF mfr dyxY. ieh quhfzf hI iËMmf hY.
bfq ivc icVI bolI hY qy aOrq ilKfrI. mOrIsn ƒ icMqf hY ik ijs bolI c ieh supny lYNdI hY; ijs bolI dI iehƒ guVHqI imÜI sI; Auh icVI vrgI nMnHI jfn KrUdIaF dy vws peI hoeI hY. ieh ieh mMnI bYTI hY ik jd axgihlI nfÜ, durvrqoN nfÜ qy durkfr nfÜ jF aYvyN hI Èugl nfÜ bolI mrdI hY, qF ies mOq dy iËMmydfr iehƒ isrjx qy ibnfsx vfÜy vI huMdy hn.
qrwkI jF inGfr
pMjfbI df srUp myry dyKidaF-dyKidaF ipCly vIhF-ku sflF c eynf bdl igaf hY ik ieh hux isafxI nhIN jFdI. pMjfbI dy Ausqfd (keI apxy-afp ƒ “BfÈf ivigafnI” aKvf ky ÉuÈ huMdy hn), ‘kvI` ilKfrI qy pqRkfr aYsI pMjfbI ilK rhy hn, jo asl c gurmuKI awKrF c ilKI aMgryËI qy ihMdI ho ky rih geI hY. jy koeI “aMgryËI ihMdI dy pMjfbI vfk-rcnf (isMtYks) `qy pey asr” bfry pIaYWc zI QIiss ilKy, qF Aus ivc bVIaF gwlF Aujfgr hoxgIaF.
“iek” dI durvrqoN - TyT pMjfbI df srUp 19vIN sdI dy awD c bfeIbl dy pMjfbI ivc Cpy AulQy nfÜ ivgVn lwgf sI. cfr-pMj dhfikaF c pMjfbI aMgryËI pVH-isK ky jd sfihqkfrI pqRkfrI krn lwgy, qF Auh acyq hI apxI bolI df vfk aMgryËI vFÕ bMnHx lwgy; nfÜ hI aMgryËI afrtIkl ‘ey` ‘aYn` dI rIsy “iek” dI aYsI pohÜI AuWgI ik hux iehƒ puwt suwtxf bVf aOKf hY. BfeI vIr isMG dI ilKq qoN lY ky ajokI hr ilKq “iek” dy kokVUaF nfÜ BrI peI imÜdI hY. Éfs krky aMimRqf pRIqm qy sMq isMG syKoN dI ilKq ivc “iek” dI Brmfr huMdI hY. kivqf qy nftk ivc iek dI lwgI ihckI nfÜ qF bhuq bysvfdI huMdI hY. Ausqfd pihlI jmfq c bwcy ƒ sbk isKfAuNdf hY - ids ieË ey buk - ieh iek ikqfb hY. Auh pMjfbI nhIN pVHfAuNdf ik - ieh ikqfb hY. ieh pwkI gwl hY ik kvI hI cMgI nsr ilK skdf hY; kvI ƒ bolI dy sMgIq df vD pqf huMdf hY. iliKaf vfk surilpI hI qF huMdf hY. kvI pUrn isMG qoN lY ky ajoky kihMdy-khfAuNdy kvIaF dI ilKq df ieh vwzf doÈ hY. “iek” dI ksr mYƒ vI sI, pr sMn 1975 ivc surjIq hFs dI idwqI mwq myry Éfny pY geI.
mYN “iek” dy ivprIqsur dI bImfrI df “pitafÜy vfÜy” pRoÌYsr pRIqm isMG ƒ puwiCaf, qF ienHF dy idwqy jvfb nfÜ mYN bolx jogf nf irhf. ienHF ny mYƒ eImyl ilKI - mYN hux qk “iek” acyq hI vrqdf irhf hF; awgoN qoN nhIN vrqdf! - pr pRoÌYsr pRIqm isMG “iek” dI durvrqoN krnoN nhIN hty. ienHF qF ipwCy ijhy mYƒ ieMj vI iJVikaf ik: mYƒ isr bcfAux dI peI ey qy qUM isr coN jUMaF ipaf kwZdf eyN.
vMngIaF: syKoN ny svY-jIvnI Aumr df pMD (gurU nfnk dyv XUnIvrstI. 1989) dy sÌy 195 ivc “iek”igafrF vfr byloVf vriqaf hY:
mYN srdfr guridafl isMG ƒ imilaf jo Ausy idn hI insibq roz AuWqy iek vwzy sfry Gr qoN aYbt roz AuWqy iek koTI ivc pRsQfn kr irhf sI. kuJ idnF ipwCoN mYN afpxI pqnI ƒ, ijs kol sfzf do ZfeI mhIny df iek bflk sI, lfhOr lY afieaf qy asIN insibq roz AuWqy iek mkfn df kuwJ ihwsf lY ky rihx lwg pey. AuQy sfzy Gr dI sÌfeI iek bflmIkI XuvqI pRkfÈo krdI sI. hrcrn isMG bfjvf pfs Ausdf iek Bfxjf qy kuJ hor muMzy af ky irhf krdy sn.QoVHy idnF ipCoN hI sfƒ lfhOr Èihr dy bfhr-bfhr afrIaf ngr dI bsqI ivc iek koTI df iek Cotf Bfg, do kmry iek stor, iek guslKfnf qy iek vwKrI rsoeI pMdrF rUpey mhInf krfey AuWqy iml gey.
aMgryËI ivc socidaF ilKy Auprly bMd ivc iek qoN Cuwt kucwjI bolI dI ksr vI hY. ieh TyT pMjfbI ivc ies qrHF iliKaf jf skdf sI:
mYN srdfr guridafl isMG ƒ imiÜaf, jo Ausy idn hI insibq roz vfÜf vwzf-sfrf Gr Cwz ky aYbt roz vfÜI koTI ƒ cwilaf sI. kuJ idnF ipwCoN mYN apxI pqnI ƒ lfhOr lY afieaf. EdoN Auhdy kuwCV sfzf do-ZfeI mhIny df bflk sI qy asIN insibq roz `qy iksy mkfn dy iek ihwsy ivc rihx lwg pey. AuQy sfzy Gr dI sÌfeI bflmIkI kuVI pRkfÈo krdI sI. hrcrn isMG bfjvy koÜ Auhdf Bfxjf qy kuJ hor muMzy af ky rihMdy huMdy sn. QoVHy idnF ipwCoN hI sfƒ lfhOr Èihr dy bfhrvfr afrIaf ngr dI bsqI ivc pMdrF rupey mhInf ikrfey `qy koTI imÜ geI; ijs ivc do kmry, stor, ÊuslÉfnf qy vwKrI rsoeI sI.
syKoN ny Aumr df pMD ivc hI ieh PVHF mfrIaF hoeIaF hn:
jd pMjfb XUnIvrstI ny pMjfbI dI vI aYm[ey[ ÈurU kr idwqI, qF mYN Éflsf kflj ivc pMjfbI df muwK aiDafpk bx igaf ijs pdvIN ƒ mYN Aus vyly aMgryËI dy muwK aiDafpk nfloN cMgyrI smJdf sF. jdoN mYN ividafrQIaF ƒ pMjfbI sfihq dI aflocnf AuWqy BfÈn idMdf sF qF mYN smJdf sF jo AunHIvIN sdI ivc afksÌorz qy kYmibRj ivc aMgryËI dy aiDafpk aMgryËI sfihq qy BfÈf leI krdy sn qy ipCly qIh virHaF ivc jo pMjfbI aflocnf qy aiDafpn ivc kMm hoieaf hY, mYN smJdf hF Aus AuWqy myrf bVf pRBfv hY. pMjfbI ivc sfihq aflocnf dI isDFqk pirpftI dI sQfpnf ivc, mYƒ ieh kihx ivc koeI sMkoc nhIN, myrf pRBfv sB pfsy mMinaf igaf hY. pMjfbI BfÈf dI ÈYlI bnfAux ivc vI myrf kMm Ausy qrHF moZIaF vflf hY. pihlF-pihlF myrf pMjfbI ivc sMsikRq dy qqsm qy nvyN qdBv Èbd ilafAux krky bhuq ivroD hoieaf qy myrI BfÈf ƒ aOKI qy durgm ikhf igaf. ivÈyÈ krky aflocnf isDfq dI myrI pusqk sfihiqafrQ dy nfAuN aqy BfÈf Auqy bhuq ikMqU kIqy gey, pr mYƒ iek ivjXI vflI KuÈI hY ik pMjfbI BfÈf dI ÈYlI hux srvqr myry vflI hY.
(pUrbI) pMjfb XUnIvrstI ny pMjfbI dI aYWm[ey[ sMn 1952 ivc ÈurU kIqI sI. syKoN dy ies ibafn ivc apxy pfey asr vfÜf kIqf dfavf swcf hY. ijhƒ ieh apxf mfx smJdf hY, Auhƒ mYN apxI mF-bolI nfÜ kIqI bypwq smJdf hF. syKoN pMjfbI df swiqafnfs krn vfÜy mohrIaF c hY. iehdI rIsy aYWm[ey[ krdf hr ividafrQI iehdy vrgI hI bolI ilKx lg ipaf sI. hux pIaYWc[ zI[ dI izgrI vfÜy kucwijaF dy ies twbr dI igxqI vD ky sfZy iqMn hËfr qoN vD ho geI hY. (zfktr) hirBjn isMG vrgI TyT pMjfbI hor koeI aflock nhIN ilK sikaf.
aMimRqf pRIqm dI sfrI nËm qy nsr ivc “iek” dI Brmfr hY. vMngI: iehdI Cy sqrF dI kivqf iemroË icqRkfr hY, ijs ivc pMj vfr byloVf “iek” vriqaf hY.
myry sfhmxy - eIËl dy AuWqy, iek kYnvs peI hY
kuJ ieMj jfpdf - ik kYnvs qy lwgf rMg df totf
iek lfl tfkI bx ky ihldf hY
qy hr iensfn dy aMdr df pÈU iek isMg cuwkdf hY.
isMg qxdf hY, qy hr kUcf glI bfËfr iek ‘irMg` bxdf hY
qy myrIaF pMjfbI rgF ivc iek spynI rvfieq ÉOldIó
- mYN jmHf qUM [ nfgmxI pRkfÈn[ 1977

pqRkfrI qy sfihqkfrI
ipCly do dhfikaF c pMjfbI pqRkfrI dI bolI iekdm bdl geI hY. cMzIgVH, pitafÜy qy luiDafxy vfÜIaF XUnIvrstIaF ny pqRkfrI dy ivBfg KolHy hoey hn. ienHF dy isKfey bolI df awgy hor Gfx krI jFdy hn. ies msly dI jVH vI aMgryËI hI hY. aÉbfrF dIaF qkrIbn sfrIaF ÉbrF aMgryËI qoN AulQfeIaF huMdIaF hn. kMm dy gfVH krky qy apxI ikrq qy bolI nfÜ ipafr nf hox krky ÉbrcI vgfr pUrI kr-kr roËfnf aÉbfr df KUh ijwzf iZwz Br ky suwK dI nINd sON jFdy hn. (pqRkfr qurkI c ÉbrcI huMdf hY; EvyN ijvyN pMjfbI c qurkI dy Èbd imÈflcI, inÈfncI, ÉËfncI vÊYrf smfey hoey hn.) pMjfbI ÉbrcIaF qy XUnIvrstI dy AusqfdF dI bolI BfvyN rÜdI-imÜdI hY; pr ajokI aÉbfrI bolI dIaF kuJ imsflF ieh hn:-
1) ihMdI aÉbfrF qy tYlIvIXn dI rIsy pMjfbI aÉbfrF dIaF surÉIaF mdfrI-jmUry vFÕ boldIaF hn. nvyN Ëmfny aÉbfr dy sMpfdk sfihbfn apxI ‘TyT pMjfbI` dI apxI afp vizafeI krdy rihMdy hn. pr ieh aÉbfr vI pMjfbI ƒ plIq krn ivc iksy nfÜoN ipwCy nhIN. mdfrI-jmUry vFÕ boldIaF ies dIaF surÉIaF dI vMngI: kuJ vI nhIN svfr sikaf aÌÊfinsqfn AuWqy pwCm df kbËf; pIpIaYWs ciVHaf isafsq dI Byt; pMj sflf bflVI nfl kIqf dirMidaF blfqkfr. (nvF Ëmfnf, 9 sqMbr 2007)
2) pMjfbI aÉbfr pMjfbI ivafkrx dy ivkfrI rUp df inXm (rUl afwv aOblIk ÌOrm) iqafg ky ihMdI dy rIsy luiDafxy c kql dI QF luiDafxf c kql ilKx lg pey hn. pMjfb dI afvfË ajIq dI vYWbsfeIt `qy 20 mfrc 2004 ƒ ieh Ébr lwgI: kotkpUrf dy nOjvfn nfl TwgI . ieh qF ieh Ébr ilKx vfÜf hI ds skdf hY ik Auhny pMjfbI df muhfvrf vrqidaF kotkpUry dy nOjvfn nfl TwgI ikAuN nhIN iliKaf? iksy pMjfbI ƒ pMjfbI dI ivafkrx icqfrn nfÜoN Audfs gwl hor ikhVI hoxI hY! inXm qF ieh hY ik pMjfbI dy puilMg Èbd dy afiÉr c ‘af` sMbMDk (post puËIÈn) lgdf hY, qF af qoN ‘ey` bx jFdf hY. (ieh nym kuJ ÈbdF `qy nhIN Zuwkdf; ijvyN prmfqmf, awlHf jF Brf vÊYrf.) Èfied iksy idn sfzy ÉbrcI “Auhƒ kuwqy ny vwiZaf” dI QF “Ausƒ kuwqf ny kwitaf” ilKx lg jfx! hux aÉbfr “pitafilEN” afeIaF ÉbrF nhIN Cfpdy, “pitaflf qoN” afeIaF ÉbrF Cfpdy hn.
3) afm ÊlqIaF:- “kihxf cfhuMdf hF” dI QF “kihxf cfhvFgf”. “krn lwgf hF” dI QF “krn jf irhf hF”. “quhfzf ies bfry kI iÉafl hY? dI QF “qusIN iesƒ ikvyN lYNdy ho”. “ÌYslf krnf” hux “ÌYslf lYxf” ho cuwkf hY. aMgryËI Èbd aOn/aYt ibnF soicaF ‘AuWqy` ies qrHF bxfieaf huMdf hY -
khfxI AuWqy iÌlm/ ÌlfnI ikqfb AuWqy goÈtI. blvMq gfrgI ny dyr hoeI lyK iliKaf sI - suirMdr kOr AuWqy iÌlm. mYN iehƒ icwTI ilKI sI ik qusIN suirMdr kOr dI iÌlm bxfeI hoxI hY, nf ik Auhdy AuWqy!
4) krqrI vfc (aYkitv vOies) dI QF krmnI vfc (pYisv vOies) vrqx dI sfiraF nfÜoN vD afdq sMqoK isMG DIr ƒ hY. mYN ienHF ƒ ieh gwl icqfrI vI sI, pr ienHF ny axsuxI kr idwqI. do ku imsflF bQyrIaF hn - ienHF dIaF 51 khfxIaF dI ikqfb dy pihly hI bMd df dUjf vfk hY - “mMgo qy koeI iek svfr afid, lgBg iek dhfkf mgroN jf ky ilKIaF geIaF sn.” mYN ieh vfk ieMj ilKdf - “mMgo qy koeI iek svfr qy hor khfxIaF mYN koeI iek dhfky mgroN jf ky ilKIaF sn.” ienHF dIaF coxvIaF kivqfvF ilK irhf DIr dy muKbMD df afiÉrI vfk hY - “myry vloN eyQy kuJ vI afiKaf jfxf vfjb nhIN.”- TyT bolI c ieh vfk ieMj bxdf hY - myrf kuJ vI afKxf vfijb nhIN.

pMjfbI ivc aMgryËI dI ‘bfeI`
qkrIbn sfry ilKfrI iehdf kucwjf anuvfd duafrf jF vwloN krdy hn. ihMdI vfÜf duafrf/dvfrf qF pMjfbI df muhfvrf asloN hI nhIN hY.
vMngI: jIq isMG sIql duafrf sMpfdq hIró pfTkF dI shfieqf leI pMjfbI XUnIvrstI pitaflf vwloN do koÈ pRkfÈq kIqy gey hn. iek ÌfrsI-pMjfbI koÈ (jo jIq isMG sIql vwloN iqafr aqy XUnIvr stI dy ivdvfnF vwloN sMÈoiDaf igaf hY) aqy dUjf ‘pMjfbI dy pRiswD ikwsf-kfiv df Èbd-koÈ` (vwloN zf[ jgqfr isMG). - vfirs dy aMg-sMg[ pRo[ jI aYs irafl[ pMjfbI itRibAUn[ 24 jUn 2007
TyT pMjfbI: jIq isMG sIql dI joVI hIró pfTkF dI sOK leI pMjfbI XUnIvrstI ny do koÈ Cfpy hn. pihlf jIq isMG sIql df iqafr kIqf XUnIvrstI dy ivdvfnF df soiDaf ‘ÌfrsI-pMjfbI koÈ` aqy dUjf zf[ jgqfr isMG df ‘pMjfbI dy pRiswD ikwsf-kfiv df Èbd-koÈ`.
pqf nhIN, BfÈf-ivigafnI pRoÌYsr irafl ny jIq isMG sIql dy nF nfÜ ‘zf[` dI AupfDI ikAuN nhIN lfeI? apxy jF hornF dy nF nfÜ ibnF iksy gwloN ‘zf[ pRo[` ilKx dI ksr isrÌ pMjfbIaF ƒ hY. XUnIvrstIaF dy apxy pricaF ivc vI ‘zf[ pRo[` iksy Éfs pRsMg ivc ilKIdf hY. dunIaf ivc iewko pMjfbI XUnIvrstI hY aqy Auh hY vI pitafÜy. ieh qwQ hr koeI jfxdf hY. aÉbfrF aqy hr CpI ilKq ivc ‘pMjfbI XUnIvrstI pitaflf` ilKxf shI nhIN.
sfzy aflsI ilKfrI jo cMd cfVHI jFdy hn, mYN AuhdIaF sYNkVy imsflF dy skdf hF. rihMdI ksr ipCly do dhfikaF c postIaF (post-mOzrinstF) ny pUrI kr idwqI hY. pMjfbI sfihq dy iksy zfktr ivdvfn dI ilKI sfrI-dI-sfrI sMpfdkI dI vMngI qF mYN dyxoN irhf, pr isafixaF ny ikhf hY ik iewko dfxy qoN bohÜ df pqf lg jFdf huMdf hY. lE pVHo qy jfxo ik mYN kfhdf roxf roNdF:
nvIN pMjfbI kivqf dy] pRXog nf isrÌ iesdy ivDI-ivDfn dIaF jugqF qwk sImq hn, sgoN
ivcfrDfrfeI DrfqlF smyq, kivqf dy smuwc ƒ afpxy klfvy ivc lYNdy hoey, asIm nvIaF sMBfvnfvF
dy rUbrU vI hn. eys icwqr-pwt Auqy ibKry rMgF dIaF ÈoÉ adfvF ivwc mfnvI-irÈiqaF dI iqRÈngI
df Auh aflm drkfr hY, jo aDuink mnuwK dI mfniskqf ƒ idn-rfq kuryddf hY aqy nvIaF qoN nvIaF
soc-rfhF vl agrsr krdf hY. nvIN soc dIaF nvIaF AuzfxF vwl AuWzdI nvIN mfniskqf, jdoN
rihqlF dIaF rsBrIaF nfl rfhguËr huMdI hY qF iek ajIb kÈmkÈ pYdf huMdI hY.
- kfivlok, jnvrI-mfrc, 2000

ikRÈxf sobqI ny ihMdI-pMjfbI df guqfvf sMn 1940 dy nyVy-qyVy krnf ÈurU kIqf sI. hux pUrbI pMjfb dy Gr- Gr bolI jFdI ihMdI sux ky sobqI vrgy bVy huwbdy hoxgy. pihlF lhOr qy idwlI c pMjfb dIaF khfxIaF dIaF lVIvfr dUrdrÈnI iÌlmF qy hux bMbeIaf iÌlmF sobqI vfÜy guqfvy ƒ tksflI pMjfbI bxf ky sfh lYxgIaF. tryn tU pfiksqfn, ipMjr aqy Bgq isMG AUDm isMG vfÜIaF iÌlmF ivc pMjfbI-ihMdI dy kIqy guqfvy qoN iksy byÊYrq ƒ hI ÉuÈI huMdI hoxI hY. pihlF pMjfbI ihMdUaF ƒ imhxf dyeIdf sI ik ieh pMjfbI dy sky nhIN bxdy, hux iswKF dy GrIN bolI jFdI dUrdrÈnI-ihMdI df imhxf kOx ikhƒ dyvygf? nvIN pIVHI byËbfn pIVHI hY; nf iehƒ pMjfbI afAuNdI hY, nf ihMdI qy nf aMgryËI.
1960 dy dhfky c joÈ kMvl ny pMjfbI ƒ ‘sMsikRqfAux` ivruD iÌrkfpRsq muihMm ieh afK ky ÈurU kIqI sI ik ieh ihMdU bRfhmxvfdI “idwlI” dI koeI bVI vwzI sfiËÈ hY aqy XUnIvrstIaF c bYTy ivdvfnF ƒ “AuWqoN” hukm afAuNdy hn ik pMjfbI ijMnI ivgfV skdy ho, ivgfVo! joÈ qF hMiZaf hoieaf isafsqI sI aqy ‘ivigafnk soc` df dfavydfr vI; Auhƒ qF ieh pqf hoxf cfhIdf sI ik pMjfbI ƒ ‘sMsikRqfAux df kMm` 1920 dy dhfky qoN hI ÈurU ho igaf sI qy EdoN idwlI dy hukmrfn bRfhmx nhIN sn. EdoN pMjfbI iswK XUrp df ÌlsÌf sxy mfrksvfd dy pMjfbI bolI c prqfAux lwgy sI. pUrn isMG inqÈy bfry ilK irhf sI; Drm anMq isMG aÌlfqUn bfry aqy ikrqI prcy df bfnI sMqoK isMG mfrks bfry. -1926 c ikrqI prcy ivc Cpy mfrksI isDFqk lyK qy mgroN qyjf isMG suqMqr qy Bfg isMG dIaF lfl kimAuinst pfrtI dIaF ilKqF pVH ky joÈ-kMvl dI muihMm byQvHI lgdI hY. sMq isMG syKoN jdoN sMsikRq nfÜ lwdI hoeI pMjfbI ilKx lwgf sI, EdoN idwlI c bRfhmx rfj nhIN sI krdy.
pMjfbI qF kI, ihMdI qy AurdU vI XUrpI bolIaF df tfkrf nhIN kr skdI. cfhIdf qF ieh sI ik hr nvF Èbd AuhdI jVH qy qfsIr dyK ky GiVaf jFdf, ijvyN cInIaF jfpfnIaF ny vIhvIN sdI c nvyN Èbd GVy sI. hux do pMjfbIaF ho geIaF hn - pUrbI pMjfb c byloVy sMsikRq ÈbdF ny qy pwCmI pMjfb c ÌfrsI-arbI ny pMjfbI df rUp ivgfV ky rK idwqf hY. pMjfbI dI qrwkI sMsikRq, arbI, ÌfrsI, aMgryËI qy hornF bolIaF dy Èbd lYx ibnF nhIN ho skdI; sMsikRq qF iehdI skI-soDrI hY. loV sfrI iÌrkU quawsb ƒ lFBy rK ky sfvIN smJ vrqx dI hY. ijs bolI dIaF bfhvF ijMnIaF KuwlHIaF hox, Auhdf isr Enf hI AuWcf huMdf hY.

BfÈf bhqf nIr
Bgq kbIr ny iliKaf sI - sMsikRq hY kUpjl, BfÈf bhqf nIró. afm Dfrxf vI hY ik bolI Auh ijhƒ lok bolx; ik hr bolI vyly nfÜ bdldI rihMdI hY; jo pMjfbI 12vIN sdI c bfbf ÌrId boldy hoxgy, Auh 15vIN sdI c bfbf nfnk nhIN boldy sI.
myrI bynqI ieh hY ik sfzy bfibaF dy vyly dunIaf hux ijMnI CotI nhIN sI. EdoN awj vFÕ aÉbfr, ikqfbF qy ryzIE tIvI nhIN sI huMdy; nf EdoN kroVF rupey roVHdIaF XUnIvrstIaF huMdIaF sn. EdoN pMjfbI AuWqy aMgryËI qy ihMdI dy cfry pfisEN qfbVqoV hmly nhIN sI huMdy. mYN inq pMjfbI nfÜoN vD aMgryËI pVHdf hF. prdys ivc qkrIbn hr vyly aMgryËI myry kMnIN pYNdI hY. pr myrI afqmf pMjfbI hY - ÈrÌ vFÕ mYN sdf ÉYr pMjfbI dI mMgdf hF. ilKfrI apxI bolI df lwjpfl huMdf hY; bolI ƒ isrÌ ilKfrI hI suwcI rK skdf hY. ijs bolI dI lfj Auhdy ilKfrI hI rolx lg jfx, Auhƒ koeI rwb vI nhIN bcf skdf. sfzy koÜ Èbd QohVy hn; moqIaF hIiraF qoN vI mihMgy. ienHF ƒ rolxf pfp hY.
ÌrFsIsIaF qy bMgflIaF ijMnf apxI bolI ƒ ipafr hor koeI nhIN krdf suixaf. pYirs qy klkwqy suwcI bolI dIaF sBfvF bxIaF hoeIaF hn. kI asIN ieho ijhI koeI TyT pMjfbI sBf nhIN bxf skdy? Kvry myrIaF ieh gwlF AujfV c mfrIaF kUkF hn. Pyr socIdf hY, kI pqf ikqy iksy dy myrI gwl idl lwg jfvy.
myry afKy aÉbfrF vfÜy ikqfbF dI “GuMz-cukfeI” vfÜf kuhjf Èbd ilKxoN ht qF gey hn. nfÜ hI mYƒ zr lgdf hY, ikqy pMjfbI df hfl sfzy iksy imqr dy PuwPV vfÜf nf ho jfey. Auh apxy BqIjy qoN apxI dfhVI dy DOÜy kZvfAuNdf rihMdf sI. huMdy-huMdy DOÜy bhuq ho gey qy kfÜy QohVy ku hI rih gey. BqIjf kihMdf - PuwPVf, hux qF sfry eI icwty ho gey; kfÜy ijhVy do-cfr rihMdy af, EhIE cug idMdF! 

FURTHER READING: Politics and the English Language. Why I Write. George Orwell. Penguin. Reprint 1984.

solHvIN sdI eIsvI dy aMq vyly dI goieMdvfÜ vfÜI poQI ivc pMjfbI dy awKr
(XUnIvrstI afwv kYilÌornIaf dy pRoÌYsr guirMdr isMG mfn dI ikRpf nfÜ ieh vMngI imÜI)

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