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BfeI gurdfs jI
dI rcnf gurbfxI dI kuMjI afKI geI hY. ies pfvn bfxI ny sfnuM
aimRq-meI gurbfxI smJx ivwc aQfh mdd kIqI hY. pr BfeI sfihb
dy keI bcn ieqny gihry hn ik kuMjI nUM smJx leI sfnUM
gurbfxI dI loV BfsdI hY. aijhf hI iewk bcn ivafiKaf df
muhqfË hY. Auh hY ‘nO-KMz-ipRQvI’. ies df iewk kfrx hY ik
BfeI sfihb aflm-PfiËl sn. Auh sMsikRq, arbI, PfrsI,
pRfikrqk, pMjfbI vÊYrf BfsLfvF dy mfihr sn. AuhnF dI rcnF
nUM cMgI qrHF smJx leI sfnUM gurbfxI df afsrf lYxf pYNdf hY.
siqgurU nfnk sfihb dI vizafeI kridaF BfeI sfihb jI ny ÌrmfXf
hY:
‘bfby qfry cfr cwk, nO-KMz-ipRQvI swcf Zoaf,
gurmuK kil ivwc prgt hoaf. (vfr 1`, pAuVI 27).
ies pAuVI ivwc BfeI sfihb kihMdy hn ik siqgurU jI ny mfieaf
ivwc bldI lokfeI nUM cfrF idÈLfvF ivwc jf ky loVvMdF nUM
Zoaf (afsrf) idwqf hY. afp cl ky arQfq GroN Kf ky mwq idwqI
hY. ipRQvI dy nOaF KMzF nUM Aus df afsrf hY. BfvyN ik kroVF
hI bRihmMz hn pr ijs mfqlok ivwc asI rihMdy hF Aus dy nON hI
KMz hn. ieh nON KMz ikhVy- ikhVy hn, iehnF nUM jfnx leI hËUr
dy bcn hn
‘aTIN pihrIN aT KMz, nfvF KMz srIr’ (aMg 146)
ijs qrHF idn rfq awTF pihrF ivwc vMzy hoey hn, Ausy qrHF
sfrI DrqI awTF ihwisaF ivwc vMzI hoeI hY aqy nOvF srIr hY.
iewk hor QF srkfr ny afiKaf hY
‘jo bRhmMzy soeI ipMzy jo KojY so pfvY’ (aMg 695).
arQfq jo kuwJ ies bRhmMz ivwc hY, Auh ies srIr ivwc hY, pr
Aus nUM lwBxf hY.
ies krky bfhr Bwjx dI loVH nhIN. iksy jMgl ivwc jfx dI loV
nhIN ikAuik Auh srb invfsI sfry QF qy mOjUd hY.
‘kfhy ry bn Kojn jfeI, srbinvfsI sdf alypf qohI sMig smfeI
(aMg684)
BfeI gurdfs jI nyN sfnuM smJfAux leI sMsikRq BfsLf dy nYN
KMz vrqy hn. sfnM AuhnF dI bhumulIw rcnf smJ nhI afeI qF
sfzI afpxI mhF nlfiekIy hY, ies ivcw BfeI sfihb df koeI
kLusUr nhIN. asIN ijhVy kYnyzf, amrIkf, jF gRInlYz ivcw bYTy
hF AuhnF nUM swq smuMdroN pfr vwsdy kihMdy hn
ikANuik ies sfry jgq nUM sq smuMdrF ivcw vMizaf hoieaf hY.
iehnF swq smuMdrF ny ies DrqI df lgBg 62% mwilaf hoieaf hY
aqy 38% dy lgBg DrqI hY, BfvyN ik pfxI DrqI df hI ihwsf hY.
TIk ieho hI anupfq sfzy ÈrIr ivwc hY. asIN keI idn pfxI
byÈwk nF pIvIey, qF vI ipÈfb af jFdf hY ikAuik sfzy ÈrIr
ivcw pfxI hY. zfktr log jF mYzIkl dy ividafrQI cMgI qrHF
jfxdy hn ik sfzy ijsm ivcw AuhI anupfq hY ijhVf ik sfzy ies
bRhmMz ivwc pRmfqmF ny rwiKaf hY. ies krky guru grMQ sfihb
nyN sfry sMsfr nUM ieh bhumulf isDFq bLKiÈaf hY ik jo kuwJ
bRhmMz ivcw hY Auho hI sfzy ipMzy ivcw hY.
BfeI sfihb jI dy anusfr sfrI dunIaF nUM aTw BfgF ivcw vMizaf
hY. AuhnF dI bfxI nUM smJx leI sMsikRq BfÈf dy nON KMzF df
iËkr lfËmI hY. sMsikRq dy ieh swq KMz hn--- (1) jMbU dIp
(ieMzIan AÈn) (2) plfskf dIp (mYzItIrIan sI) (3) kuÈf dIp
(4) slmflI dIp (5) kruMcf dIp (6) iÈKf dIp (afrkitk AÈn) (7)
puÈkfrf dIp.
jMbU dIp nUM ieMzIan AÈn kihMdy hn. arQfq (Asian
Continent)
kihMdy hn. ies qrHF aMD mhFsfgr, pRÈFq mhFsfgr, kflf sfgr,
kYspIan sfgr, lfl sfgr vgLYrf. ikAuik bodI sB qoN Aupr hY,
ies qrHfN Arctic
Ocean
sB qoN Aupr hY.
ies qrHF swq smuMdr, aTwvI DrqI aqy nONvf ÈrIr arQfq nONvyN
ivwc awT smfey hoie hn. ies glwH nUM cMgI qrHF smJx leI
kYlIPornIaF aqy inAujIlYNz dIaF GtnfvF dyxIaF lfËmI hn.
kYlIPornIaF sfihq sBf, inAujLIlYNz dy ividafrQIaF ny prcI
rfhIN puiCwaf ik ieh iks qrHF sMBv ho skdf h Yik ieqnf vwzf
bRhmMz ieqny inwky ijhy ipMzy ivwc af jfie? dfs nyN AuhnF
dohF QFvF qy ijhVf Ëvfb idqf Auh afp jI leI hfiËr hY. Auhnf
nUM Globe
aqy World
Map
rfhIN smJfAux dI sPl koiÈÈ kIqI. myry kihx qy AuhnF nyN kMD
nfl sMsfr df nksLf icpkf idqf aqy myry myË Auqwy glob rwK
idqfw. myMyry ieh puCwx qy ik iehnF dohF cIËF (Globe
and
World
Atlas)
ivwc pfxI aqy DrqI qoN ielfvf ikhVI cIË sfJI hY? AuhnF afpxy
iËhn (idmfÊ) qy bhuq Ëor idqf aqy aKIr ivwc
Sorry
(sOrI) kih idqf qF prcfirk dy qOr qy myrf ÌrË sI ik mYN
AuhnF dy vfijb pRÈn df Auqwr dyvF. ijhVI cIË
Globe
aqy World
Atlas
ivwc sfJI hY Auh hY scale.
skyl nUM cfhy 1000 mIl rwK lAu, 1500 mIl rwK lAu jF ies qoN
iËafdf jF Gwt. bRhmMz ivwc ieh skyl vzIw hY ÈrIr ivwc ieh
skyl CotI hY. sfiraF nUM pqf hY ik lMzn qoN inAuXfrk 8000
iklomItr hY. 8000 iklomItr lMbf koeI Puwtf jF Dfgf nhI hY,
qF iPr sfieMsdfnF ny ikvy imx ilaf? AuhnF
scale
dy ËrIey imx ilaf hY. ies skyl dy ËrIey asI mfp skdy hF ik
torFto qoN idwlI ikqnI dUr hY jF vYnkUvr qoN rom ikqnI dUr
hY. ies leI srkfr nyN TIk ÌurmfXf hY
‘jo bRhmMzy soeI ipMzy, jo KojY so pfvY (aMg 695)
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